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      Validation of Portuguese version of Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) and comparison to International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and RAND 36-Item Health Survey

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To validate the Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) considering Brazilian social-cultural aspects.

          Materials and Methods

          To determine equivalence between the Portuguese and the English QEQ versions, the Portuguese version was back-translated by two professors who are native English speakers. After language equivalence had been determined, urologists considered the QEQ Portuguese version suitable. Men with self-reported erectile dysfunction (ED) and infertile men who had a stable sexual relationship for at least 6 months were invited to answer the QEQ, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36). The questionnaires were presented together and answered without help in a private room. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), test-retest reliability (Spearman), convergent validity (Spearman correlation) coefficients and known-groups validity (the ability of the QEQ Portuguese version to differentiate erectile dysfunction severity groups) were assessed.

          Results

          We recruited 197 men (167 ED patients and 30 non-ED patients), mean age of 53.3 and median of 55.5 years (23-82 years). The Portuguese version of the QEQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.93), high stability between test and retest (ICC 0.83, with IC 95%: 0.76-0.88, p<0.001) and Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.82 (p<0.001), which demonstrated the high correlation between the QEQ and IIEF results. The correlations between the QEQ and RAND-36 were significantly low in ED (r=0.20, p=0.01) and non-ED patients (r=0.37, p=0.04).

          Conclusion

          The QEQ Portuguese version presented good psychometric properties and high convergent validity in relation to IIEF. The low correlations between the QEQ and the RAND-36, as well as between the IIEF and the RAND-36 indicated IIEF and QEQ specificity, which may have resulted from the patients’ psychological adaptations that minimized the impact of ED on Quality of Life (QoL) and reestablished the well-being feeling.

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          Most cited references87

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          Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.

          We provide current, normative data on the prevalence of impotence, and its physiological and psychosocial correlates in a general population using results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. The Massachusetts Male Aging Study was a community based, random sample observational survey of noninstitutionalized men 40 to 70 years old conducted from 1987 to 1989 in cities and towns near Boston, Massachusetts. Blood samples, physiological measures, socio-demographic variables, psychological indexes, and information on health status, medications, smoking and lifestyle were collected by trained interviewers in the subject's home. A self-administered sexual activity questionnaire was used to characterize erectile potency. The combined prevalence of minimal, moderate and complete impotence was 52%. The prevalence of complete impotence tripled from 5 to 15% between subject ages 40 and 70 years. Subject age was the variable most strongly associated with impotence. After adjustment for age, a higher probability of impotence was directly correlated with heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, associated medications, and indexes of anger and depression, and inversely correlated with serum dehydroepiandrosterone, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and an index of dominant personality. Cigarette smoking was associated with a greater probability of complete impotence in men with heart disease and hypertension. We conclude that impotence is a major health concern in light of the high prevalence, is strongly associated with age, has multiple determinants, including some risk factors for vascular disease, and may be due partly to modifiable para-aging phenomena.
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            Psychometric qualities of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0: a multidimensional measure of general health status.

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              A population-based survey of sexual activity, sexual problems and associated help-seeking behavior patterns in mature adults in the United States of America.

              To study sexual activity, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and related help-seeking behaviors among mature adults in the United States of America, a telephone survey was conducted in 2001-2002. A total of 1491 individuals (742 men/749 women) aged 40-80 years completed the survey. Overall, 79.4% of men and 69.3% of women had engaged in sexual intercourse during the 12 months preceding the interview. Early ejaculation (26.2%) and erectile difficulties (22.5%) were the most common male sexual problems. A lack of sexual interest (33.2%) and lubrication difficulties (21.5%) were the most common female sexual problems. Less than 25% of men and women with a sexual problem had sought help for their sexual problem(s) from a health professional. Many men and women in the United States report continued sexual interest and activity into middle age and beyond. Although a number of sexual problems are highly prevalent, few people seek medical help.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int Braz J Urol
                Int Braz J Urol
                International Brazilian Journal of Urology : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
                Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia
                1677-5538
                1677-6119
                Jan-Feb 2015
                Jan-Feb 2015
                : 41
                : 1
                : 155-167
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil;
                [2 ]Medicine (Urology), Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Leonardo Oliveira Reis, MD, PhD. Medicine (Urology), Center for Life Sciences,. Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Brazil. Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp) Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126. Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil. E-mail: reisleo.l@ 123456gmail.com

                CONFLICT OF INTEREST

                None declared.

                Article
                S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.01.21
                10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.01.21
                4752069
                25928522
                b340ad03-76d2-460e-b713-1ad948a18149

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 02 December 2013
                : 16 September 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 13
                Categories
                Original Article

                erectile dysfunction,quality of erection questionnaire,quality of life,cross-cultural adaptation

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