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      Metodología del 2º estudio de seroprevalencia en España Translated title: Methodology of the 2nd seroprevalence study in Spain

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los estudios de seroprevalencia se realizan sobre una muestra de problación con el fin de investigar el nivel y distribución de la inmunidad inducida por infección natural de determinados agentes infecciosos o por vacunación frente a los mismos. El 2º Estudio de Seroprevalencia en España tiene el objetivo de estimar la prevalencia y distribución del estado inmune frente a las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles y de la generada por infección natural por otros microrganismos. En concreto, las patologías incluidas en el estudio son: poliomielitis, difteria, tétanos, tosferina, sarampión, rubéola, parotiditis, varicela, enfermedad meningocócica invasora por serogrupo C, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis E e infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Para ello, se ha diseñado un estudio similar al realizado en 1996, observacional de tipo transversal en la población residente en España de 2 a 80 años de edad. Se ha realizado un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico de la población de 2 a 80 años residente en España, con un tamaño muestral inicial de 10.000 personas. En este artículo se describe la metodología utilizada en la realización del estudio.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Seroprevalence studies are designed in population samples to assess the level and distribution of immunity induced by natural infection of certain infectious agents or by immunization against them. The purpose of the 2nd Seroprevalence Study in Spain is to assess the prevalence and distribution of immune status against vaccine-preventable diseases and generated by natural infection by other microorganisms. Pathologies specifically included in the study are: poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, rubella, mumps, varicella, invasive meningococcal disease by serogroup C, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis E, hepatitis C and HIV. The study has a similar design of that conducted in 1996, as it is a descriptive cross-sectional study in resident population of 2 to 80 years of age in Spain. Two-stage conglomerate sampling was carried out on the population aged 2 to 80 years living in Spain, with an initial sample size of 10,000 people. The methodology of the study is described in this article.

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          Una propuesta de medida de la clase social

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            Ten years of serological surveillance in England and Wales: methods, results, implications and action.

            The first age-stratified serological survey of antibody to measles, mumps and rubella in the UK was conducted in 1986/87 prior to the introduction of MMR vaccine into the immunization programme. Serum collection and testing have continued annually, allowing trends over time to be monitored. These sera have also been available for ad hoc surveys of other infections. Residual sera are collected in participating laboratories and sent to a central store where they are irrevocably unlinked from identifying data. A unique identity number is assigned to each serum and details of age and sex are collated on a database. The sera are accessed for testing as required. The results of recurring and other surveys performed over the last ten years are presented. These demonstrate that opportunistic serum samples are an ideal resource for serological surveillance programmes. The serological surveillance programme has provided past exposure profiles for many infections. These data have resulted in a number of national policy changes and have been instrumental in shaping the UK vaccination programme.
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              Immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccination in Italian children with chronic diseases.

              Since children with chronic diseases represent a primary target for immunization strategies, it is important that their immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccines is optimal. We performed a study to measure immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccines in children with type 1 diabetes, HIV infection, Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and neurological diseases. A total of 275 children aged 6 months-18 years were included in the study. Coverage for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), polio (Pol), and hepatitis B (HBV) vaccines approximated 85% at 24 months, while measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) coverage was 62%. Immunization coverage for seasonal influenza was 59%. The analysis of timeliness revealed that there was heterogeneity among children with different chronic diseases. A proportional hazard model showed that children with HIV infection had the longest time to complete three doses of DTP, Pol, and HBV, and those with neurological diseases received the first dose of MMR later than the other categories. Causes of missing or delayed vaccination mostly included a concurrent acute disease. Children with chronic diseases should be strictly monitored for routine and recommended vaccinations, and health care providers and families should be properly informed to avoid false contraindications. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201904021
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameMinisterio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social orgdiv1Dirección General de Salud Pública, Calidad e Innovación orgdiv2Subdirección General de Promoción de la Salud y Vigilancia en Salud Pública España
                [3] Madrid orgnameMinisterio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social orgdiv1Asistencia técnica TRAGSATEC España
                [2] Madrid orgnameCentro Nacional de Microbiología España
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100302 S1135-5727(19)09300000302
                b3477562-fece-4d6a-9a01-0445787c652d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 April 2019
                : 08 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Colaboraciones Especiales

                Metodología,Encuesta transversal,Vaccination,Estudio de seroprevalencia,Vacunación,Vaccine-preventable diseases,Estudio seroepidemiológico,Infectious diseases,Seroprevalence,Methodology,Seroepidemiological study,Cross-sectional survey,Enfermedades infecciosas,Programa de vacunación,Program evaluation,Immunization program,Enfermedades inmunoprevenibles,Evaluación de programa

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