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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Skeleton labeled 13C-carbon nanoparticles for the imaging and quantification in tumor drainage lymph nodes

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          Abstract

          Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been widely used in tumor drainage lymph node (TDLN) imaging, drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and so on. However, during the theranostic applications, the accumulation efficiency of CNPs in target organs is unknown yet, which largely hinders the extension of CNPs into clinical uses. Herein, we prepared skeleton-labeled 13C-CNPs that had identical properties to commercial CNPs suspension injection (CNSI) for the imaging and quantification in TDLN. 13C-CNPs were prepared by arc discharge method, followed by homogenization with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The size distribution and morphology of 13C-CNPs were nearly the same as those of CNSI under transmission electron microscope. The hydrodynamic radii of both 13C-CNPs and CNSI were similar, too. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the chemical compositions and chemical states of elements were also nearly identical for both labeled and commercial forms. The skeleton labeling of 13C was reflected by the shift of G-band toward lower frequency in Raman spectra. 13C-CNPs showed competitive performance in TDLN imaging, where the three lymph nodes (popliteal lymph node, common iliac artery lymph node, and paraaortic lymph node) were stained black upon the injection into the hind extremity of mice. The direct quantification of 13C-CNPs indicated that 877 μg/g of 13C-CNPs accumulated in the first station of TDLN (popliteal lymph node). The second station of TDLN (common iliac artery lymph node) had even higher accumulation level (1,062 μg/g), suggesting that 13C-CNPs migrated efficiently along lymphatic vessel. The value decreased to 405 μg/g in the third station of TDLN (paraaortic lymph node). Therefore, the 13C-CNPs provided quantitative approach to image and quantify CNSI in biological systems. The implication in biomedical applications and biosafety evaluations of CNSI is discussed.

          Most cited references28

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          Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Purposes

          Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest of the nano community and beyond. However, the biomedical applications of CNTs arouse serious concerns for their unknown in vivo consequence, in which the information of pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicity of CNTs is essential. In this review, we summarize the updated data of CNTs from the biomedical view. The information shows that surface chemistry is crucial in regulating the in vivo behaviors of CNTs. Among the functionalization methods, PEGylation is the most efficient one to improve the pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility of CNTs. The guiding effects of the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicity information on the biomedical applications of CNTs are discussed.
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            Evaluation of the sp2/sp3 ratio in amorphous carbon structure by XPS and XAES

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              Biodistribution of Pristine Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes In Vivo†

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Nanomedicine
                Int J Nanomedicine
                International Journal of Nanomedicine
                International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-9114
                1178-2013
                2017
                11 July 2017
                : 12
                : 4891-4899
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu
                [2 ]Chongqing Lummy Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chongqing
                [3 ]College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities
                [4 ]College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University
                [5 ]State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Sheng-Tao Yang, College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, #16, South Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 28 8552 2269, Email yangst@ 123456pku.edu.cn
                Xiaohai Tang, Chongqing Lummy Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yu Ma Road No 99, Nan’an District, Chongqing 401123, China, Tel +86 28 8550 3334, Email pharmmateceo@ 123456aliyun.com
                Article
                ijn-12-4891
                10.2147/IJN.S134493
                5513824
                28744123
                b34828a5-1378-445d-aa19-273b6753059f
                © 2017 Xie et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                Molecular medicine
                carbon nanoparticles suspension injection,13c-labeling,isotope ratio mass spectroscopy,quantification,bioeffect of nanomaterials

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