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      Comparison of Vitex agnus-castus Extracts with Placebo in Reducing Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Menopausal symptoms have remarkable negative effects on women’s quality of life, justifying the need to assess various therapeutic options. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Vitex agnus-castus extracts in alleviating menopausal symptoms in comparison with that of placebo.

          Methods

          This study was a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial with a study group of 52 women referred to a clinic in Kermanshah in 2017. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: Vitex group (26 subjects) and placebo group (26 subjects). Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Greene Scale before and 8 weeks after the intervention.

          Results

          After the intervention, the mean scores for total menopausal disorder, anxiety, and vasomotor dysfunction were significantly lower in the Vitex group than in the placebo group (P<0.05). The mean scores of the variables of somatic complications, depression, and sexual dysfunction did not show significant differences between the Vitex and placebo groups (P>0.05).

          Conclusion

          Administration of Vitex agnus-castus extracts as a phytoestrogenic medicine can alleviate menopausal symptoms in women.

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          Most cited references27

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          The perception of menopause among women in Taiwan.

          Hsien-An Pan, Meng-Hsing Wu, Chao-Chin Hsu … (2002)
          Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has become a popular topic and the subject of many newspaper and magazine health articles in the last 5 years in Taiwan, so a great deal of knowledge about the menopause has been introduced to Taiwanese women. With this massive change, we wanted to know the current perception of the menopause among women in Taiwan and also evaluate the prevalence of various acute menopausal symptoms and women's attitudes toward receiving hormone replacement therapy. We designed a cross-sectional study, using structured questionnaires, targeting women who attended the health information seminar on the menopause and HRT, held in an urban area in Taiwan. The audience was asked to fill out the questionnaire before the seminar began. More than 2000 questionnaires were collected, but only 386 women completed all items of the questionnaire and were included in this study. Among them, 161 women were postmenopausal and their answers to questions regarding acute menopausal symptoms were collected for statistical analysis. The other 225 women were non-menopausal and their perception of menopausal symptoms was also collected for analysis. Qualitative data, in the form of transcripts, were interpreted using text-based content analysis. Among these women, 375/386 (97%) had previously heard of the menopause, but only 207/386 (53%) knew the definition of the term. The most commonly indicated source of knowledge on the menopause was reading material, such as newspapers and magazines 283/386 (43%); less common sources of information were friends 141/386 (22%), medical personnel 114/386 (18%) and family members 49/386 (8%). Among these women, 276 (71%) thought they should receive therapy. The most common acute menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women and perception of menopausal symptoms in non-menopausal women, respectively, were insomnia 68/161 (42%); 111/225 (49%), hot flushes 61/161 (38%); 115/225 (51%), heart palpitation 55/161 (34%); 103/225 (46%), an irritable temper 54/161 (34%); 138/225 (61%), dyspareunia 52/161 (32%); 100/225 (44%), headaches or dizziness 45/161 (28%); 74/225 (33%), a lack of energy 42/161 (26%); 73/225 (32%), depression 32/161 (20%); 114/225 (51%), night sweating 29/161 (18%); 61/225 (27%), and loss of bladder control 26/161 (16%); 37/225 (16%). According to this study, Taiwanese women have a much higher percentage of awareness of the menopause than other Asian women, as reported previously and a greater willingness to receive treatment. We also found that most of their knowledge of the menopause was obtained from reading material (43%) or friends (22%). Furthermore, the percentage of recognition of menopausal symptoms, especially of vasomotor symptoms, is lower than that of Western women and higher than that of women in Hong Kong and Southern China.
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            Well-being, symptoms and the menopausal transition.

            Lorraine Dennerstein (1996)
            This paper reviews the knowledge accumulated from published population studies of health and ill-health experiences during the menopausal transition. Well-being: mid-aged women are more likely to report positive moods than negative moods. Well-being is not associated with menopausal status but is associated with current health status, psychosocial and lifestyle variables. SYMPTOMS vary greatly across cultures, with North American and European samples reporting higher rates of symptoms than Asian women. The most symptomatic women in the North American samples and Australian studies are those whose menstrual cycles have changed. Vasomotor symptoms increase through the menopausal transition. Other variables such as socio-demographic, health status, stress, premenstrual complaints, attitudes to ageing and menopause, and health behaviors are associated with the occurrence of symptoms. Psychological complaints: There is no increase in the incidence of major depression with the menopause. Negative moods are not associated with the natural menopausal transition. Factors associated with negative moods include surgical menopause, prior depression, health status, menstrual problems, social and family stressors and negative attitudes to menopause. Sexuality: Several studies suggest a decline in sexual functioning associated with menopausal status rather than ageing. Social factors and health status factors are also associated with sexual outcomes. Future research should bring together biomedical and sociological aspects. Positive aspects of health should be assessed as well as troubling symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed with measures of hormonal change. Promoting positive attitudes to ageing and menopause, health lifestyles and stress reduction can be used as community interventions and as part of individual care.
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              Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

              Amal Saki, Shahnaz Najar, Foroogh Namjoyan … (2016)
              Vaginal atrophy is one of the main concerns of postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of fennel vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women in Ahvaz, Iran.
              Article 0 comments Cited 20 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Fam Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J Fam Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): KJFM
                Title: Korean Journal of Family Medicine
                Publisher: Korean Academy of Family Medicine
                ISSN (Print): 2005-6443
                ISSN (Electronic): 2092-6715
                Publication date (Print): November 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 May 2019
                Volume: 40
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 362-367
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kermanshah University Of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Katayoun Yazdchi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-7313 Tel: +98-9125188875, Fax: +98-83-38260700, E-mail: Katayounyazdchi@ 123456yahoo.com
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Mostafa Alikhani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-3027 Tel: +98-9301192045, Fax: +98-83-38264513, E-mail: Mostafaalikhani18@ 123456gmail.com

                These two corresponding authors contributed equally to this study.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-3455
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-453X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-7313
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-3027
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-4095
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4988-2521
                Article
                Publisher ID: kjfm-18-0067
                DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0067
                PMC ID: 6887765
                PubMed ID: 31067851
                SO-VID: b361f7b7-9e2f-4c4a-ae48-8f97c55a90e9
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 The Korean Academy of Family Medicine
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 18 May 2018
                Date revision received : 3 June 2018
                Date accepted : 5 June 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: vitex agnus-castus extract,placebo effect,menopause,women
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: vitex agnus-castus extract, placebo effect, menopause, women

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