The links between sleep duration, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Global rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing globally concomitant with a rising prevalence of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders. Understanding the links between sleep, obesity and T2DM might offer an opportunity to develop better prevention and treatment strategies for these epidemics. Experimental studies have shown that sleep restriction is associated with changes in energy homeostasis, insulin resistance and β-cell function. Epidemiological cohort studies established short sleep duration as a risk factor for developing obesity and T2DM. In addition, small studies suggested that short sleep duration was associated with less weight loss following lifestyle interventions or bariatric surgery. In this article, we review the epidemiological evidence linking sleep duration to obesity and T2DM and plausible mechanisms. In addition, we review the impact of changes in sleep duration on obesity and T2DM.

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Most cited references 119

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WITHDRAWN: Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

Pouya Saeedi, Inga Petersohn, Paraskevi Salpea … (2019)

To provide global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045.

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Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Steven E Kahn, Rebecca L Hull, Kristina M Utzschneider (2006)

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases increased amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and other factors that are involved in the development of insulin resistance. When insulin resistance is accompanied by dysfunction of pancreatic islet beta-cells - the cells that release insulin - failure to control blood glucose levels results. Abnormalities in beta-cell function are therefore critical in defining the risk and development of type 2 diabetes. This knowledge is fostering exploration of the molecular and genetic basis of the disease and new approaches to its treatment and prevention.

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The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Daphne Guh, Wei Zhang, Nick Bansback … (2009)

Background Overweight and obese persons are at risk of a number of medical conditions which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of this study is to provide an estimate of the incidence of each co-morbidity related to obesity and overweight using a meta-analysis. Methods A literature search for the twenty co-morbidities identified in a preliminary search was conducted in Medline and Embase (Jan 2007). Studies meeting the inclusion criteria (prospective cohort studies of sufficient size reporting risk estimate based on the incidence of disease) were extracted. Study-specific unadjusted relative risks (RRs) on the log scale comparing overweight with normal and obese with normal were weighted by the inverse of their corresponding variances to obtain a pooled RR with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 89 relevant studies were identified. The review found evidence for 18 co-morbidities which met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis determined statistically significant associations for overweight with the incidence of type II diabetes, all cancers except esophageal (female), pancreatic and prostate cancer, all cardiovascular diseases (except congestive heart failure), asthma, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis and chronic back pain. We noted the strongest association between overweight defined by body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of type II diabetes in females (RR = 3.92 (95% CI: 3.10–4.97)). Statistically significant associations with obesity were found with the incidence of type II diabetes, all cancers except esophageal and prostate cancer, all cardiovascular diseases, asthma, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis and chronic back pain. Obesity defined by BMI was also most strongly associated with the incidence of type II diabetes in females (12.41 (9.03–17.06)). Conclusion Both overweight and obesity are associated with the incidence of multiple co-morbidities including type II diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Maintenance of a healthy weight could be important in the prevention of the large disease burden in the future. Further studies are needed to explore the biological mechanisms that link overweight and obesity with these co-morbidities.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Endocrinol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Endocrinol

Journal ID (hwp): JOE

Title: The Journal of Endocrinology

Publisher: Bioscientifica Ltd (Bristol )

ISSN (Print): 0022-0795

ISSN (Electronic): 1479-6805

Publication date (Electronic): 12 November 2021

Publication date Collection: 01 February 2022

Volume: 252

Issue: 2

Pages: 125-141

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research , University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

[2 ]Department of Endocrinology , 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

[3 ]Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

[4 ]Institute of Applied Health Research , University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

[5 ]Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

Author notes

Correspondence should be addressed to A Tahrani: a.a.tahrani@ 123456bham.ac.uk

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Georgios Kostopoulos http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-334X

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Publisher ID: JOE-21-0155

DOI: 10.1530/JOE-21-0155

PMC ID: 8679843

PubMed ID: 34779405

SO-VID: b38fc1b2-fa2a-4803-ba5e-a3231727fb47

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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The links between sleep duration, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Most cited references 119

WITHDRAWN: Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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