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      Developmental Meta-Analysis of the Functional Neural Correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorders

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          Abstract

          Objective

          There is a pressing need to elucidate the brain–behavior interactions underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given the marked rise in ASD diagnosis over the past decade. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has begun to address this need, but few fMRI studies have evaluated age-related changes in ASD. Therefore, we conducted a developmental analysis of activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to compare child versus adult ASD fMRI studies. We hypothesized that children and adolescents with ASD (<18 years old) would rely less on prefrontal cortex structures than adults (≥18 years old).

          Method

          PubMed and PsycInfo literature searches were conducted to identify task-dependent fMRI studies of children or adults with ASD. Then recent GingerALE software improvements were leveraged to perform direct comparisons of child (n =18) versus adult (n =24) studies.

          Results

          ALE meta-analyses of social tasks showed that children and adolescents with ASD versus adults had significantly greater hyperactivation in the left post-central gyrus, and greater hypoactivation in the right hippocampus and right superior temporal gyrus. ALE meta-analyses of nonsocial tasks showed that children with ASD versus adults had significantly greater hyperactivation in the right insula and left cingulate gyrus, and hypoactivation in the right middle frontal gyrus.

          Conclusion

          Our data suggest that the neural alterations associated with ASD are not static, occurring only in early childhood. Instead, children with ASD have altered neural activity compared to adults during both social and nonsocial tasks, especially in fronto-temporal structures. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies are required to examine these changes prospectively, as potential targets for brain-based treatments for ASD.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Journal
          8704565
          4529
          J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
          J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
          Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
          0890-8567
          1527-5418
          9 February 2017
          March 2013
          23 May 2017
          : 52
          : 3
          : 279-289.e16
          Affiliations
          Bradley Hospital’s PediMIND Program and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Bradley Hospital’s PediMIND Program and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Bradley Hospital’s PediMIND Program and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Bradley Hospital’s PediMIND Program and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Bradley Hospital’s PediMIND Program and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Bradley Hospital’s PediMIND Program and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Florida International University
          New York University Child Study Center
          Bradley Hospital’s Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University
          Author notes
          Correspondence to Daniel P. Dickstein, M.D., PediMIND Program, Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI 02915; Daniel_Dickstein@ 123456Brown.edu

          Dr. Laird served as the statistical expert for this research.

          Article
          PMC5441228 PMC5441228 5441228 nihpa774014
          10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.012
          5441228
          23452684
          b396206a-1ebf-4c49-9ce9-ac0243f4eb41
          History
          Categories
          Article

          autistic disorder,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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