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      A new species of dragon’s blood Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from Serra dos Órgãos (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Abstract

          Croton rizzinii Farias & Riina, sp. nov. is a new species from Serra dos Órgãos National Park in the Atlantic Rain Forest domain (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). It is known from the municipalities of Guapimirim, Teresópolis and Petrópolis, where it grows in montane ombrophilous dense forest, between 500 and 1500 m elevation. This arborescent species belongs to Croton section Cyclostigma Griseb., a Neotropical lineage distributed in forest habitats from Mexico to northern Argentina. It is mainly characterised by its laciniate-glandular stipules, bracts with two inconspicuous glands (colleters) at the base and campanulate pistillate flowers with sepals covering the ovary. We describe and illustrate the new species, and compare it with close relatives occurring in the Atlantic Rain Forest. We also provide a distribution map, habitat information and suggestions for the assessment of its conservation status.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo

          Croton rizzinii Farias & Riina, sp. nov., é uma nova espécie do Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, no domínio da Mata Atlântica (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). É conhecida nos municípios de Guapimirim, Teresópolis e Petrópolis, onde cresce em floresta ombrófila densa montana, entre 500 e 1500 m de elevação. Esta espécie arborescente pertence a Croton seção Cyclostigma Griseb., uma linhagem de espécies neotropicais distribuídas em habitats florestais desde o México ao norte da Argentina. Caracteriza-se, principalmente, pelas estípulas laciniado-glandulares, brácteas com duas glândulas inconspícuas (coléteres) na base e flores pistiladas campanuladas com sépalas cobrindo o ovário. Descrevemos e ilustramos a nova espécie e a comparamos com espécies relacionadas ocorrentes na Mata Atlântica. Incluímos um mapa de distribuição, informações de habitat e recomendações para a avaliação do estado de conservação da espécie.

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          Most cited references16

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          Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool

          Abstract GeoCAT is an open source, browser based tool that performs rapid geospatial analysis to ease the process of Red Listing taxa. Developed to utilise spatially referenced primary occurrence data, the analysis focuses on two aspects of the geographic range of a taxon: the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO). These metrics form part of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria and have often proved challenging to obtain in an accurate, consistent and repeatable way. Within a familiar Google Maps environment, GeoCAT users can quickly and easily combine data from multiple sources such as GBIF, Flickr and Scratchpads as well as user generated occurrence data. Analysis is done with the click of a button and is visualised instantly, providing an indication of the Red List threat rating, subject to meeting the full requirements of the criteria. Outputs including the results, data and parameters used for analysis are stored in a GeoCAT file that can be easily reloaded or shared with collaborators. GeoCAT is a first step toward automating the data handling process of Red List assessing and provides a valuable hub from which further developments and enhancements can be spawned.
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            Biodiversity hotspots house most undiscovered plant species.

            For most organisms, the number of described species considerably underestimates how many exist. This is itself a problem and causes secondary complications given present high rates of species extinction. Known numbers of flowering plants form the basis of biodiversity "hotspots"--places where high levels of endemism and habitat loss coincide to produce high extinction rates. How different would conservation priorities be if the catalog were complete? Approximately 15% more species of flowering plant are likely still undiscovered. They are almost certainly rare, and depending on where they live, suffer high risks of extinction from habitat loss and global climate disruption. By using a model that incorporates taxonomic effort over time, regions predicted to contain large numbers of undiscovered species are already conservation priorities. Our results leave global conservation priorities more or less intact, but suggest considerably higher levels of species imperilment than previously acknowledged.
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              Molecular phylogenetics of the giant genus Croton and tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto) using ITS and TRNL-TRNF DNA sequence data.

              Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA sequence data are presented for the giant genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) and related taxa. Sampling comprises 88 taxa, including 78 of the estimated 1223 species and 29 of the 40 sections previously recognized of Croton. It also includes the satellite genus Moacroton and genera formerly placed in tribe Crotoneae. Croton and all sampled segregate genera form a monophyletic group sister to Brasiliocroton, with the exception of Croton sect. Astraea, which is reinstated to the genus Astraea. A small clade including Moacroton, Croton alabamensis, and C. olivaceus is sister to all other Croton species sampled. The remaining Croton species fall into three major clades. One of these is entirely New World, corresponding to sections Cyclostigma, Cascarilla, and Velamea sensu Webster. The second is entirely Old World and is sister to a third, also entirely New World clade, which is composed of at least 13 of Webster's sections of Croton. This study establishes a phylogenetic framework for future studies in the hyper-diverse genus Croton, indicates a New World origin for the genus, and will soon be used to evaluate wood anatomical, cytological, and morphological data in the Crotoneae tribe.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                PhytoKeys
                PhytoKeys
                3
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:f7fce910-8e78-573f-9c77-7788555f8aad
                PhytoKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2011
                1314-2003
                2019
                28 June 2019
                : 126
                : 13-24
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, CEP: 20.940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain Real Jardín Botánico Madrid Spain
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Ricarda Riina ( rriina@ 123456rjb.csic.es )

                Academic editor: Geoffrey Levin

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-5808
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7423-899X
                Article
                35649
                10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649
                6611756
                b3b1b07e-1a2b-459a-b761-8570a46df101
                Sabrina Queiroz de Farias, Débora Medeiros, Ricarda Riina

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 22 April 2019
                : 11 June 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 501100003593 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100003593
                Categories
                Research Article
                Euphorbiaceae
                Taxonomy
                Cenozoic
                Americas

                Plant science & Botany
                atlantic rain forest,croton sect. cyclostigma,neotropics,taxonomy,plantae,malpighiales,euphorbiaceae

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