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      Making sense of replications

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          Abstract

          The first results from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology suggest that there is scope for improving reproducibility in pre-clinical cancer research.

          DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23383.001

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              Replication in prevention science.

              Replication research is essential for the advancement of any scientific field. In this paper, we argue that prevention science will be better positioned to help improve public health if (a) more replications are conducted; (b) those replications are systematic, thoughtful, and conducted with full knowledge of the trials that have preceded them; and (c) state-of-the art techniques are used to summarize the body of evidence on the effects of the interventions. Under real-world demands it is often not feasible to wait for multiple replications to accumulate before making decisions about intervention adoption. To help individuals and agencies make better decisions about intervention utility, we outline strategies that can be used to help understand the likely direction, size, and range of intervention effects as suggested by the current knowledge base. We also suggest structural changes that could increase the amount and quality of replication research, such as the provision of incentives and a more vigorous pursuit of prospective research registers. Finally, we discuss methods for integrating replications into the roll-out of a program and suggest that strong partnerships with local decision makers are a key component of success in replication research. Our hope is that this paper can highlight the importance of replication and stimulate more discussion of the important elements of the replication process. We are confident that, armed with more and better replications and state-of-the-art review methods, prevention science will be in a better position to positively impact public health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eLife
                Elife
                eLife
                eLife
                eLife
                eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
                2050-084X
                19 January 2017
                2017
                : 6
                : e23383
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for Open Science , Charlottesville, United States
                [2 ]University of Virginia , Charlottesville, United States
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-5143
                Article
                23383
                10.7554/eLife.23383
                5245957
                28100398
                b404f2e2-cc11-44e1-b53b-41f0cd06212f
                © 2017, Nosek et al

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 28 December 2016
                : 28 December 2016
                Funding
                The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
                Categories
                Cancer Biology
                Reproducibility in Cancer Biology
                Feature Article
                Custom metadata
                2.5
                The first results from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology suggest that there is scope for improving reproducibility in pre-clinical cancer research.

                Life sciences
                reproducibility project: cancer biology,replication,metascience,reproducibility,methodology,open science

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