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      Leiomyosarcoma of the great saphenous vein Translated title: Leiomiossarcoma de veia safena magna

      case-report

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          Abstract

          A 56-year-old male patient presented with a complaint of two painful, hard, palpable nodules in the right lower limb. A Doppler ultrasound scan revealed the presence of nodules, likely to be neoplastic. Computed angiography showed two solid hypervascular nodules in the right great saphenous vein, fed by branches of the posterior tibial artery. Embolization of the nodules using surgical cyanoacrylate was performed, followed by an excisional biopsy. Anatomical pathology and immunohistochemical analysis identified the nodule as a high-grade leiomyosarcoma, characterized by ten mitotic figures per ten high-power fields, necrosis and cell pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical analysis results were positive for caldesmon and desmin labeling. A second surgical procedure was performed to enlarge the free margins.

          Translated abstract

          Paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, com queixa de dois nódulos palpáveis, dolorosos e rígidos, em membro inferior direito. O eco-Doppler colorido evidenciou nódulos de provável natureza neoplásica na veia safena magna direita distal, com fluxo de baixa velocidade no seu interior. A angiotomografia evidenciou dois nódulos sólidos hipervascularizados no trajeto da veia safena magna direita, possuindo ramos nutridores provenientes da artéria tibial posterior. Para realizar a biópsia excisional dos nódulos, optou-se inicialmente pela embolização do tumor com cola cirúrgica de cianoacrilato, devido à sua alta vascularização. Os exames anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico evidenciaram leiomiossarcoma de alto grau, com dez mitoses por dez campos de grande aumento, necrose tumoral e pleomorfismo celular. A imuno-histoquímica demonstrou positividade para os marcadores Caldesmon (anticorpo hCD) e Desmina (anticorpo D33). O paciente realizou uma nova cirurgia para ampliação de margens comprometidas e está em acompanhamento clínico com a Oncologia.

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          Most cited references9

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          Leiomyosarcomas of Vascular Origin in the Extremity

          Between 1996 and 2006 a total of 278 patients with soft tissue Leiomyosarcoma were treated at our centre. We identified 16 patients (5.8%) where the tumour directly arose from the blood vessels. These tumours were studied to determine their prognosis and behaviour. All tumors were in the lower limbs: 11 from the femoral vein, 3 popliteal vein, and 2 from the posterior tibial vein. Mean tumour size was 10.4 cm (3 to 33). Histological grade was high in all patients. Surgical treatment was amputation in one, excision with or without vascular reconstruction in 12 followed by radiotherapy, and 3 patients had no surgery because of advanced disease at diagnosis. Seven out of the 16 patients (44%) had metastasis at diagnosis, and five patients without metastasis at diagnosis rapidly developed metastases at a median time of 5 months from diagnosis (2–30 months). The overall survival of the patients at 5 years was 25% which was considerably worse than those with nonvascular leiomyosarcoma. We conclude that patients with leiomyosarcoma of vascular origin have a very high risk of metastases and poor prognosis when treated in the conventional way.
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            Leiomyosarcoma of the Great Saphenous Vein: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

            Introduction: Leiomyosarcoma of the venous system is rare, even more so in the greater saphenous vein. In the 85 years since van Ree described the first case in 1919 only 25 cases have been reported in the world. Methods: We describe a case of an 85-year-old woman who was successfully treated by excision of the tumour. We also reviewed pertinent literature with regard to age, gender spread, tumour size, survival, occurrence of metastases and therapy. Results: The median age was 54 years (range 2–85 years), with a 3:2 female to male ratio. The median size of the tumours was 4.1 cm (range 2–12 cm) and metastases occurred in seven of the 25 cases. If any form of adjuvant therapy is used it is usually radiotherapy. Chemotherapy seems to be reserved for cases where metastasis occurs. Average survival was 4 years (range 1 month to 17 years). Currently the best treatment seems to be wide excision of the tumour, with selective vascular reconstruction combined with adjuvant radiotherapy.
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              Leiomyosarcoma arising in the great saphenous vein--a case report.

              Though leiomyosarcoma usually occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and uterus, it rarely occurs in the wall of large veins and arteries. We present a case of primary leiomyosarcoma arising in the great saphenous vein of the left inner thigh and spreading for some extent along the vein in a 54 year old female. Diagnosis was confirmed by desmin stain and electron microscopy. Postoperative course was fine. This is the first report of this in Korean literature.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jvb
                Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
                J. vasc. bras.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV) (Porto Alegre )
                1677-7301
                June 2015
                : 14
                : 2
                : 186-188
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de Santo Amaro Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto de Medicina Avançada BR
                Article
                S1677-54492015000200186
                10.1590/1677-5449.0077
                b43d98f1-b980-4e9a-a7ef-50e624e37ea6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1677-5449&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
                PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
                SURGERY

                Surgery,Cardiovascular Medicine
                neoplasms,vascular tissue neoplasms,blood vessels,neoplasias,neoplasias de tecido vascular,vasos sanguíneos

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