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      Chronic pain after surgery: pathophysiology, risk factors and prevention.

      1 ,
      Postgraduate medical journal
      SURGERY, analgesia, chronic pain, postoperative pain, review

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          Abstract

          Interest in chronic pain after surgery has grown since the finding that more than a fifth of patients attending chronic pain clinics cite surgery as the cause for their chronic pain. The problem is not limited to major surgery; even common minor procedures such as hernia repair have a significant risk of chronic pain. Surgical technique can influence the development of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and techniques to minimise nerve injury should be used where possible. Central nervous system changes contribute to the development of persistent pain following surgical trauma and nerve injury. Pharmacological agents that interrupt the mechanisms contributing to central sensitisation may be helpful in reducing the incidence of CPSP. Psychosocial factors are also important in the development of chronic pain and should be addressed as part of a holistic approach to perioperative care.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Postgrad Med J
          Postgraduate medical journal
          1469-0756
          0032-5473
          Apr 2014
          : 90
          : 1062
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London Hospital, , London, UK.
          Article
          postgradmedj-2013-132215
          10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132215
          24572639
          b44b0979-336b-4a0f-b7ac-dca9d54756cf
          History

          SURGERY,analgesia,chronic pain,postoperative pain,review
          SURGERY, analgesia, chronic pain, postoperative pain, review

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