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      Pediatric follicular lymphoma of the parotid gland

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Primary malignant lymphoma rarely presents as a mass in the salivary gland. It accounts for about 1% of salivary gland tumors. The lymphomas of the parotid gland are mainly non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of B-cell follicular type. It usually occurs in male adults and is very rare in children. In contrast to the intractable disease course of adult parotid follicular lymphoma, when occurred in children or adolescent, its prognosis is very good when it is first treated with surgical excision. Thus, a solitary follicular lymphoma in an extranodal site that has occurred in children is termed separately as pediatric follicular lymphoma (PFL). We share our treatment experience of a 16-year-old PFL patient through surgical removal combined with superficial parotidectomy. In line with the few previous case reports of PFL, we suggest that active surgical removal should be undertaken for solitary, extranodal follicular lymphoma of the pediatric and adolescent population.

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          Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: an indolent clonal proliferation in children and adults with high proliferation index and no BCL2 rearrangement.

          Abner Louissaint, Adam M. Ackerman, Dora Dias-Santagata … (2012)
          Pediatric follicular lymphoma (PFL) is a variant of follicular lymphoma (FL) presenting as localized lymphadenopathy in children. Unlike conventional adult FL, PFL typically does not recur or progress. Clear diagnostic criteria for PFL are lacking, and it is uncertain whether this indolent lymphoma is defined by age or may occur in adults. We analyzed 27 FL in patients 30% Ki67 fraction (high proliferation index, HPI; P = .0007) were stage I and did not progress or recur; in comparison, all 6 cases with BCL2 rearrangement and/or PI < 30% were stage III/IV, and 5 of 6 recurred or progressed. In a separate cohort of 58 adult FL (≥ 18 years of age), all 13 BCL2-N/HPI cases were stage I, and none progressed or relapsed, whereas 11 of 15 stage I cases with BCL2 gene abnormality and/or LPI relapsed or progressed (P = .0001). The adult and pediatric BCL2-N/HPI FL cases had similar morphologic features. Our results confirm the highly indolent behavior of PFL and suggest that these are characterized by HPI and absence of BCL2 gene abnormality. PFL-like cases also occur in adults and are associated with indolent behavior in this patient population.
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            Pediatric parotid masses.

            T Lesnick, K Olsen, Laura J Orvidas … (2000)
            To evaluate the incidence, types, and treatment outcomes of pediatric parotid lesions. Retrospective case review, histological tissue review, and literature review. Tertiary care center. All patients aged 18 years and younger with parotid masses evaluated and treated at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1997. Parotid masses were identified in 118 children (60 boys and 58 girls). At diagnosis, the ages of patients were from birth through 18 years, and 72 (61.0%) were aged 10 years and older. An asymptomatic mass was the most common presentation. Forty-three patients (36.4%) had infectious or inflammatory lesions, 56 (47.5%) had benign lesions, and 19 (16.1%) had malignant lesions. The most common benign lesions were pleomorphic adenoma (22.9%) and hemangioma (10.2%). The most common malignant lesions were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (6.8%) and acinic cell carcinoma (3.4%). The most common treatment was total parotidectomy (40.7%). Surgical complications included temporary facial nerve weakness in 22 (18.6%) patients, permanent facial weakness in 11 (9.3%), and permanent paralysis in 2 (1.7%). Pleomorphic adenoma recurred in 4 (14.8%) of 28 patients and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 3 (37.5%) of 8 patients. One patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma died of the tumor. Although pediatric parotid masses are unusual, they can represent a variety of pathological diagnoses, including malignancy. We advocate prompt evaluation and treatment of these masses, and suggest guidelines for their management, based on diagnosis.
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              Parotid lymphoma: a review of clinical presentation and management.

              Jonathan Shum, Max R. Emmerling, Joshua Lubek … (2014)
              Lymphoma of the parotid gland is a relatively rare occurrence among head and neck tumors. Presentation is indistinguishable from other swellings of the parotid gland; therefore, it is important to consider lymphoma in the differential diagnosis when examining parotid swellings. Parotid lymphomas are most likely to be B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of 1 of 3 types, which include follicular, marginal zone, and diffuse large B cell, although other histologic patterns have been described. We present a review of 3 patients with parotid lymphoma who presented to the University of Maryland Medical Center's Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with facial swelling. Two patients were diagnosed with follicular lymphoma, whereas the third was diagnosed with marginal zone lymphoma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Craniofac Surg
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Craniofac Surg
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ACFS
                Title: Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
                Publisher: Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
                ISSN (Print): 2287-1152
                ISSN (Electronic): 2287-5603
                Publication date (Print): December 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 December 2018
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 279-282
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
                [2 ]Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Sung-No Jung Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea E-mail: jsn7190@ 123456catholic.ac.kr
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-8414
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9681-628X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-9033
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-0804
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-6239
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-4717
                Article
                Publisher ID: acfs-2018-02075
                DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2018.02075
                PMC ID: 6325339
                PubMed ID: 30613090
                SO-VID: b44f9559-36a5-4cec-9534-c412d8791773
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 The Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 14 August 2018
                Date revision received : 18 October 2018
                Date accepted : 21 November 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: follicular lymphoma,malignancy,parotid neoplasms
                Data availability:
                Keywords: follicular lymphoma, malignancy, parotid neoplasms

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