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      Indicadores de trata de personas en mujeres que ejercen la prostitución en locales de alterne de la Comunidad de Madrid (España) Translated title: Indicators of trafficking in women practicing prostitution in strip clubs in the Community of Madrid (Spain)

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la situación de las mujeres que ejercen la prostitución en el entorno de la Comunidad de Madrid (España), en el contexto de locales de alterne y la posibilidad de encontrar víctimas de redes de trata de personas. Se analizaron entrevistas a 180 mujeres que ejercían la prostitución en locales de la periferia de Madrid. Los resultados mostraron que la mujer que se dedica a la prostitución tiene una media de 32.57 años; proceden de Latinoamérica, Europa y en menor número de África; en su mayoría tienen algún tipo de estudio. Un 80.5 % dijo tener familia, y un 68 % tenían entre 1 y 4 hijos. El análisis de las preguntas respondidas o evitadas, permitió concluir que omiten información relevante en preguntas sobre los indicadores de trata y explotación, lo que hace sospechar que pudieran estar instruidas para no facilitar información sensible, bloqueando así las posibilidades de ayuda. Se encontró dependencia entre la estimación de credibilidad de su testimonio y la posibilidad de ser víctima de trata. El 94.4 % de las mujeres cuyo testimonio resultó creíble no se consideró víctima de trata; el 72.8 % de las estimadas como no creíbles fueron consideradas víctimas de trata. Según los entrevistadores, la posibilidad de que las entrevistadas estén siendo víctimas de trata dependió, en parte, de su aislamiento social, miedo o preocupación mostrado durante la entrevista, poca colaboración, evitar temas relevantes o mostrarse susceptible. Todo ello permite alertar sobre la situación de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres entrevistadas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of the present study was to carry out a study on the situation of women practicing prostitution in the community of Madrid (Spain), within the specific context of strip clubs and the possibility of them being victims of human trafficking networks. A total of 180 interviews were conducted on women practicing prostitution in strip clubs across the periphery of Madrid. The results analyzed show that, on average, women who engage in prostitution are 32.57 years of age; from Latin America, Europe or, from Africa (less frequently); and have generally undertaken some type of study/course. Around 80.5 % of these women reported having a family, indicating that approximately 68 % had between 1 and 4 children. Moreover, the present study analyzed the questions answered or avoided by these women, concluding that most of them omit relevant information regarding questions about trafficking and exploitation indicators. This finding leads to the suspicion that these women could be instructed / taught not to facilitate sensitive information, thus blocking the possibilities of help. A relationship of dependence between the testimony’s credibility estimation and the possibility of being a victim of human trafficking was found. A 94.4 % of women whose testimony was believed to be credible were not considered to be victims of human trafficking; 72.8 % of those estimated as non-credible were considered to be victims of human trafficking. The possibility of the interviewees being victims of human trafficking, according to interviewers, depended on their social isolation, fear or concern shown throughout the interview, their lack of collaboration, and their avoidance of certain relevant issues or being susceptible. Overall, the present study alerts about the situation of vulnerability of the interviewed women.

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          New directions in research on prostitution

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            Risk factors for mental disorders in women survivors of human trafficking: a historical cohort study

            Background Previous studies have found high levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among women survivors of human trafficking. No previous research has described risk factors for diagnosed mental disorders in this population. Methods A historical cohort study of women survivors of trafficked women aged 18 and over who returned to Moldova and registered for assistance with the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). Women were approached by IOM social workers and, if they gave informed consented to participate in the study, interviewed by the research team. At 2–12 months post-return to Moldova, a psychiatrist assessed DSM-IV mental disorders blind to information about women’s pre-trafficking and post-trafficking experiences using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). A backwards stepwise selection procedure was used to create a multivariable regression model of risk factors for DSM-IV mental disorder measured at an average of 6 months post-return. Results 120/176 (68%) eligible women participated. At an average of 6 months post-return, 54% met criteria for any DSM-IV mental disorder: 35.8% of women had PTSD (alone or co-morbid), 12.5% had depression without PTSD and 5.8% had another anxiety disorder. Multivariable regression analysis found that childhood sexual abuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 4.68, 95% CI 1.04-20.92), increased number of post-trafficking unmet needs (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.28-2.52) and post-trafficking social support (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.79) were independent risk factors for mental disorder, and that duration of trafficking showed a borderline association with mental disorder (AOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.29). Conclusions Assessment for mental disorders should be part of re-integration follow-up care for women survivors of human trafficking. Mental disorders at that time, most commonly PTSD and depression, are likely to be influenced by a range of predisposing, precipitating and maintaining factors. Care plans for survivors of trafficking must be based on individual needs, and must apply clinical guidelines for the treatment of PTSD and of depression. Evidence is needed on the effectiveness of therapy for PTSD in survivors of human trafficking.
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              Exiting prostitution: an integrated model.

              Exiting street-level prostitution is a complex, convoluted process. Few studies have described this process within any formal conceptual framework. This article reviews two general models and two prostitution-specific models and their applicability to the exiting process. Barriers encountered as women attempt to leave the streets are identified. Based on the four models, the barriers, the prostitution literature, and the authors' experience with prostituted women, a new integrated six-stage model that is comprehensive in scope and sensitive to women's attempts to exit prostitution is offered as a foundation for continued research on the process of women leaving the streets.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acp
                Acción Psicológica
                Acción psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1578-908X
                2255-1271
                June 2018
                : 15
                : 1
                : 1-16
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) España
                [3] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Forenses Spain
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
                [1] orgnameGuardia Civil España
                Article
                S1578-908X2018000100001 S1578-908X(18)01500100001
                10.5944/ap.15.1.19864
                b473864e-5472-42d3-9e9b-2807b1c6d475

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 October 2017
                : 22 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos de temática libre

                Prostitución,Trata de personas,Explotación sexual,Mujer,Víctima,Prostitution,Human trafficking,Sexual exploitation,Woman,Victim

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