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      Vegetation, bird and soundscape characterization: a case study in Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica Translated title: Caracterización de la vegetación, aves y paisajes sonoros: un caso de estudio en el Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Abstract We assessed the structural complexity of vegetation, birds and soundscapes in two areas of Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica, with different road exposure, as baseline information for conservation and management. We measured vegetation structure complexity, surveyed birds and recorded soundscapes in an area adjacent to the National Highway 32 (Quebrada) and another area 20 km away (Ceibo). Quebrada presented a more open forest structure and lower density of trees and shrubs; lower evenness and higher acoustic complexity, higher bioacoustic activity and sound pressure level; higher bird abundance and richness. Ceibo showed a higher density of trees and shrubs, higher complexity of vegetation structure, higher proportion of biophonies than anthrophonies, and an acoustic community with higher diversity and entropy. The study sites differed in characteristics of their bird communities in an unexpected way; these differences appear to be mostly influenced by the structure and complexity of the vegetation surrounding the road. However, the soundscapes seemed to properly reflect the habitat condition, and are promising for evaluating the ecological condition of a site.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Evaluamos la complejidad estructural de la vegetación, las aves y los paisajes sonoros en dos áreas del Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica, con diferente exposición a carreteras, como información de base para la conservación y el manejo. Medimos la complejidad estructural de la vegetación, registramos las aves y grabamos los paisajes sonoros en un área adyacente a la Carretera Nacional 32 (Quebrada) y otra área a 20 km (Ceibo). Quebrada presentó una estructura forestal más abierta y menor densidad de árboles y arbustos, menor equitatividad y mayor complejidad acústica, mayor actividad bioacústica y nivel de presión sonora y mayor abundancia y riqueza de aves. Ceibo mostró una mayor densidad de árboles y arbustos, mayor complejidad de la estructura de la vegetación, mayor proporción de biofonías que antrofonías, y una comunidad acústica con mayor diversidad y entropía. Los sitios de estudio variaron en las características de sus comunidades de aves de manera imprevista; estas diferencias parecen estar mayormente influenciadas por la estructura y complejidad de la vegetación que rodea la carretera. Sin embargo, los paisajes sonoros parecieron reflejar adecuadamente la condición del hábitat y son prometedores para evaluar la condición ecológica de un sitio.

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          FactoMineR: AnRPackage for Multivariate Analysis

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            Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests.

            Linear infrastructure such as roads, highways, power lines and gas lines are omnipresent features of human activity and are rapidly expanding in the tropics. Tropical species are especially vulnerable to such infrastructure because they include many ecological specialists that avoid even narrow (<30-m wide) clearings and forest edges, as well as other species that are susceptible to road kill, predation or hunting by humans near roads. In addition, roads have a major role in opening up forested tropical regions to destructive colonization and exploitation. Here, we synthesize existing research on the impacts of roads and other linear clearings on tropical rainforests, and assert that such impacts are often qualitatively and quantitatively different in tropical forests than in other ecosystems. We also highlight practical measures to reduce the negative impacts of roads and other linear infrastructure on tropical species.
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              Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                biota
                Biota colombiana
                Biota colombiana
                Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0124-5376
                2539-200X
                June 2021
                : 22
                : 1
                : 57-73
                Affiliations
                [3] Heredia orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Costa Rica Costa Rica jimmybarrantesm@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Heredia orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Costa Rica Costa Rica osoramirez@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Heredia orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Costa Rica Costa Rica davidsegura719@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Heredia orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Costa Rica Costa Rica mretamos@ 123456una.cr
                [4] Heredia orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Costa Rica Costa Ricavmspinola10@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0124-53762021000100057 S0124-5376(21)02200100057
                10.21068/c2021.v22n01a04
                b48962da-bb7f-4047-90a0-ec633bea60cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 May 2020
                : 09 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 75, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Articles

                Birds,Ruido.,Índices acústicos,Ecoacústica,Carretera,Bosque húmedo tropical,Aves,Tropical rainforest.,Road,Noise,Ecoacoustics,Acoustic indices

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