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      Puntos clave en la cirugía de la glándula tiroides Translated title: Key points in thyroid gland surgery

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Nuestro objetivo es lograr una descripción de los puntos quirúrgicos clave en la cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea que ayude al cirujano a conseguir intervenciones seguras. Una cirugía no se disfruta si el cirujano no tiene pleno conocimiento de la anatomía aplicada del área a operar. En la cirugía de tiroides tener un conocimiento básico de la embriología de ambas glándulas aporta una gran ayuda a la hora de la disección y tratamiento quirúrgico. La posición del paciente y el equipo de instrumentos que debemos tener antes de iniciar el acto quirúrgico es fundamental. Desanclar la glándula de sus sistemas de sujeción: fascia, ligamentos y pedículos vasculares, de manera eficaz y por el plano correcto de disección es un aspecto clave en el buen desarrollo de la cirugía. La identificación del tubérculo de Zuckerkandl nos señala la encrucijada entre arteria tiroidea inferior, glándula paratiroides superior y nervio recurrente. Consideramos necesaria la neuromonitorización del nervio recurrente, porque salvo en la excepción de un nervio recurrente no recurrente conocido, no se puede determinar a priori la complejidad en la localización de este nervio. Los instrumentos hemostáticos de los que disponemos en la actualidad obligan a su uso rutinario. El minucioso conocimiento de la cirugía de tiroides facilita al cirujano la realización de cualquier tratamiento quirúrgico de las glándulas paratiroides.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY: The aim of this article is to achieve an account of the key surgical points in thyroid and parathyroid surgery that helps the surgeon to achieve safe interventions. A surgery is not enjoyed if the surgeon does not have full knowledge of the applied anatomy of the area to be operated on. In thyroid surgery, having a basic understanding of the embryology of both glands provides great help when it comes to dissection and surgical treatment. The position of the patient and the equipment that we must have before starting the surgical act is essential. Releasing the gland from its support systems: fascia, ligaments and vascular pedicles, effectively and through the correct dissection plane is a key aspect in the proper development of the surgery. The identification of the tubercle of Zuckerkandl indicates the crossroads between the inferior thyroid artery, the superior parathyroid gland and the recurrent nerve. We consider neuromonitoring of the recurrent nerve necessary, because except for the exception of a known non-recurrent recurrent nerve, the complexity in the location of this nerve cannot be determined a priori. The hemostatic instruments that we currently have require their routine use. Thorough knowledge of thyroid surgery makes it easier for the surgeon to perform any surgical treatment of the parathyroid glands.

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          Most cited references14

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          William Stewart Halsted. Our surgical heritage.

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            The Zuckerkandl tubercle: problematic or helpful in thyroid surgery?

            The Zuckerkandl tubercle is a residue from the embryological development of the thyroid gland. Although it is undeniably well known in surgery, this is not so among otolaryngologists. Our objective is to highlight the importance of the Zuckerkandl tubercle, as it has proven to be a reliable point of reference to locate the upper parathyroid, the lower thyroid artery and the recurrent nerve. In order to study the Zuckerkandl tubercle, we made a prospective analysis of the posterolateral border of the thyroid lobes in 107 thyroidectomies (88 total thyroidectomies and 19 hemithyroidectomies) carried out by the same surgeon; in total, 195 thyroid lobes were analysed. The Zuckerkandl tubercle was certainly detected in 155 thyroid lobes (79.48%). The Zuckerkandl tubercle was most frequent in the right thyroid lobe (P = 0.06). When the Zuckerkandl tubercle was present, we localised the upper parathyroid due to its relationship with the tubercle in 80 right thyroid lobes (95.23%) and in 65 left (91.54%). On 147 occasions (94.83%), the recurrent nerve was directed towards the cricothyroid membrane beneath the Zuckerkandl tubercle, laterally to the tracheal surface in relation with the Berry ligament. The lower thyroid artery and some of the distal branches, such as the recurrent nerve, also ran under the Zuckerkandl tubercle. The areolar tissue underlying the Zuckerkandl tubercle is difficult to dissect, and so this protuberance constitutes a surgical difficulty but it is fundamentally helpful to find those important structures that must be preserved in thyroid surgery.
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              Tubérculo de Zuckerkandl. Situación, forma y dimensiones

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                orl
                Revista ORL
                Rev. ORL
                Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                2444-7986
                December 2021
                : 12
                : 4
                : 359-370
                Affiliations
                [1] Valladolid orgnameHospital Universitario Río Hortega orgdiv1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología España
                Article
                S2444-79862021000400008 S2444-7986(21)01200400008
                10.14201/orl.25153
                b499faf8-3ace-4b9f-a1c6-0f27b3eae98a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 December 2020
                : 13 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículo de revisión

                zuckerkandl,surgery technics,parathyroid,thyroid,recurrent nerve,técnica quirúrgica,paratiroides,tiroides,recurrente

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