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      Alimentos microencapsulados para el cultivo de larvas de pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus) Translated title: Microencapsulated diets for tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larviculture

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          Abstract

          Resumen El pejelagarto es una especie importante para la acuicultura en el sureste de México. Se han realizado varios estudios sobre nutrición y fisiología digestiva; sin embargo, el uso de microcápsulas para la alimentación de larvas que permitan mejorar el crecimiento y la supervivencia no ha sido realizado. En este sentido, se evaluaron cuatro alimentos microencapsulados en el crecimiento y supervivencia de larvas de pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus). Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro dietas experimentales y un control: 1) Microcápsula con base en harina de pescado (DP), 2) Microcápsula con base en una combinación de harina de cerdo y pollo (Re), 3) Microcápsula con base en Nannochloropsis gaditana (Ng), 4) Microcápsula con base en un preparado enzimático, pancreatina (PE) el tratamiento control 5) Nauplios de Artemia (Na). Los resultados de las dietas indican que las larvas alimentadas con Nauplios (Na) tuvieron el mayor crecimiento y supervivencia (3.93 cm, 0.19 g y 82 % respectivamente). Mientras que en el caso de las larvas alimentadas con las dietas microencapsuladas, los mejores valores de supervivencia se observaron con las dietas Nannochloropsis gaditana (Ng) y preparado enzimático (PE) (20.0 y 19.2 % respectivamente). Nuestros resultados demuestran que el uso de microencapsulados para la alimentación de larvas de A. tropicus es factible, aunque se requieren más investigaciones para optimizar su diseño y elaboración para mejorar el crecimiento y supervivencia de los organismos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Tropical gar is an important species for aquaculture purposes in Southeast Mexico. Several studies regarding nutrition and digestive physiology have been done; however, the use of microcapsules for larvae feeding to improve growth and survival has not been conducted. In this sense, four microencapsulated diets were evaluated with respect to the growth and survival of tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus larvae. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets and one control diet 1) fish meal, 2) a combination of pork and poultry meals, 3) Nannochloropsis gaditana meal, 4) enzyme preparation and the control treatment 5) Artemia nauplii. The evaluation indicated that the larvae fed the Artemia nauplii obtained the greatest growth and survival (3.93 cm, 0.19 g y 82 % respectively), which justifies a correct culture system operation. While larvae fed microencapsulated diets best values in survival were observed with diets Nannochloropsis gaditana and enzyme preparation (20.0 and 19.2 %). Our results showed that microencapsulated could be used to feed A. tropicus in feasibly form. However, more information concerning to optimize the design and manufacturing are required to improve the growth and survival of organisms. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1298-1313. Epub 2018 September 01.

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          Substitution of live food by formulated diets in marine fish larvae

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            Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies

            Abstract Shrimp aquaculture has grown rapidly over several decades to become a major global industry that serves the increasing consumer demand for seafood and has contributed significantly to socio‐economic development in many poor coastal communities. However, the ecological disturbances and changes in patterns of trade associated with the development of shrimp farming have presented many of the pre‐conditions for the emergence and spread of disease. Shrimp are displaced from their natural environments, provided artificial or alternative feeds, stocked in high density, exposed to stress through changes in water quality and are transported nationally and internationally, either live or as frozen product. These practices have provided opportunities for increased pathogenicity of existing infections, exposure to new pathogens, and the rapid transmission and transboundary spread of disease. Not surprisingly, a succession of new viral diseases has devastated the production and livelihoods of farmers and their sustaining communities. This review examines the major viral pathogens of farmed shrimp, the likely reasons for their emergence and spread, and the consequences for the structure and operation of the shrimp farming industry. In addition, this review discusses the health management strategies that have been introduced to combat the major pathogens and the reasons that disease continues to have an impact, particularly on poor, small‐holder farmers in Asia.
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              Alginate/chitosan particulate systems for sodium diclofenac release.

              Alginate/chitosan particles were prepared by ionic gelation (Ca2+ and Al3+) for the sodium diclofenac release. The systems were characterized by electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The ability to release the active substance was examined as a function of some technological parameters and pH of dissolution medium. The release of sodium diclofenac is prevented at acidic pH, while is complete in a few minutes when pH is raised up to 6.4 and 7.2. The alginate/chitosan ratio and the nature of the gelifying cation allow a control of the release rate of the drug. The release mechanism was briefly discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0034-7744
                0034-7744
                September 2018
                : 66
                : 3
                : 1298-1313
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Mexico miguel.saenz@ 123456unicach.mx
                [3] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Almería Spain falcarcon@ 123456ual.es
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Iberoamericana Spain rth.pdrz@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Mexico f-vladimir1@ 123456hotmail.com
                [5] orgnameUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Mexico ocemyr@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                Article
                S0034-77442018000301298
                10.15517/rbt.v66i3.31727
                b4bcc710-225a-4325-ba8f-345b574c11ff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 June 2018
                : 02 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Artículos

                acuicultura,dietas microencapsuladas,larvas, crecimiento,supervivencia,aquaculture,growth,larvae,microencapsulated diets,survival

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