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      Orthologs, Paralogs, and Evolutionary Genomics

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      Annual Review of Genetics
      Annual Reviews

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          Abstract

          Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A clear distinction between orthologs and paralogs is critical for the construction of a robust evolutionary classification of genes and reliable functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes. Genome comparisons show that orthologous relationships with genes from taxonomically distant species can be established for the majority of the genes from each sequenced genome. This review examines in depth the definitions and subtypes of orthologs and paralogs, outlines the principal methodological approaches employed for identification of orthology and paralogy, and considers evolutionary and functional implications of these concepts.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Annual Review of Genetics
          Annu. Rev. Genet.
          Annual Reviews
          0066-4197
          1545-2948
          December 2005
          December 2005
          : 39
          : 1
          : 309-338
          Affiliations
          [1 ]National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894; email:
          Article
          10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725
          16285863
          b4bde5ea-ea6c-425e-9ce1-283a97e69d3c
          © 2005
          History

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