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      Peces nativos y pesca artesanal en la cuenca Usumacinta, Guatemala Translated title: Native fish fauna and artisanal fisheries in the Usumacinta basin, Guatemala

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          Abstract

          Resumen La ictiofauna nativa de la cuenca del río Usumacinta se documentó en el noroeste de Guatemala para conocer la composición de los peces nativos en 20 sitios y su importancia en la pesca artesanal. El estudio incluyó recolecta de las especies con diversas artes de pesca, evaluación de abundancia de las especies mediante muestreos en transectos e identificación de las mismas en los mercados de venta, y en entrevistas con pescadores. Se identificó un total de 54 especies, 38 géneros, 18 familias y 8 órdenes. Las familias más abundantes fueron Characidae (3 especies), Poeciliidae (12 especies) y Cichlidae (22 especies), y en términos de riqueza el 68% de las especies corresponden a las familias Cichlidae y Poeciliidae. Al menos 38 especies nativas y 7 exóticas fueron identificadas en la pesca artesanal, de las cuales Centropomus undecimalis., Megalops atlanticus y Atractosteus tropicus son de alto valor comercial. Entre las 7 especies exóticas identificadas solo las especies del género Pterygoplichthys no son parte de la pesca artesanal. Los peces del área se dividen en 2 grandes grupos, uno en las zonas bajas de Petén y otro en las zonas altas de Las Verapaces y la pesca artesanal varía de acuerdo con este patrón. Según el estudio, a pesar de las especies exóticas, la pesca en la cuenca del Usumacinta está basada principalmente en especies nativas. Se requieren medidas de control del pez diablo exótico Pterygoplichthys spp. para evitar la propagación de sus poblaciones y mitigar los efectos negativos en la comunidad íctica nativa.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The native fish fauna was characterized in 20 sites along three drainage areas of the Usumacinta river basin in northwestern Guatemala to understand the native fish fauna contribution and its importance to artisanal fisheries. We collected fish using different fishing gears, and we assessed the relevance of fish species to the artisanal fishery through surveys based on aquatic transects, interviews with fishermen and fish markets sellers. A total of 54 species, 38 genera, 18 families, and eight orders were identified. The most abundant families were Characidae, Cichlidae, and Poeciliidae. In terms of richness, 68% of the species corresponded to Cichlidae and Poeciliidae. At least 38 native and 7 non-native species were identified as part of the artisanal fishery, with Centropomus undecimalis., M. atlanticus, and A. tropicus having high commercial value. Seven non-native species were identified, all of them part of the artisanal fishery except for species in the genus Pterygoplichthys. Two main groups were identified: the lowlands of Petén and the other in the highlands of Verapaces, accordingly the artisanal fishery in those 2 zones. Analysis suggests that regardless of the presence of non-native species, the artisanal fishery in the Usumacinta basin continues to rely on native species. This study underscores the importance of native species to local artisanal fisheries, and the need for strategies to conserve and manage the basin and control introduced Pterygoplichthys spp. genus to prevent the spread of the population and the negative effects on the native fish community.

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          Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining

          Fisheries data assembled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suggest that global marine fisheries catches increased to 86 million tonnes in 1996, then slightly declined. Here, using a decade-long multinational ‘catch reconstruction' project covering the Exclusive Economic Zones of the world's maritime countries and the High Seas from 1950 to 2010, and accounting for all fisheries, we identify catch trajectories differing considerably from the national data submitted to the FAO. We suggest that catch actually peaked at 130 million tonnes, and has been declining much more strongly since. This decline in reconstructed catches reflects declines in industrial catches and to a smaller extent declining discards, despite industrial fishing having expanded from industrialized countries to the waters of developing countries. The differing trajectories documented here suggest a need for improved monitoring of all fisheries, including often neglected small-scale fisheries, and illegal and other problematic fisheries, as well as discarded bycatch.
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            Extinction Rates of North American Freshwater Fauna

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              Overfishing of Inland Waters

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México, DF, Mexico )
                1870-3453
                2007-8706
                2018
                : 89
                : suppl dic
                : 118-130
                Affiliations
                [3] San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas orgnameEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur orgdiv1Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad orgdiv2Colección de Peces Mexico
                [1] Guatemala orgnameUniversidad de San Carlos de Guatemala orgdiv1Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas Guatemala
                [2] orgnameLouisiana State University orgdiv1Department of Biological Sciences United States
                Article
                S1870-34532018000400118
                10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.4.2180
                b4c65029-f83a-4aef-bb47-d5284e85c9ef

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 August 2018
                : 13 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 74, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Suplemento del Usumacinta

                Peces exóticos,Cichlidae,Poeciliidae,Norte Centroamérica,Ictiofauna,Northern CentralAmerica,Non-native fish,Ichthyofauna

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