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      Electronic factors favouring the cis conformation in proline peptidic bonds

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      Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina
      Asociación Química Argentina

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          Abstract

          A quantum chemical study based on B3LYP, 6-31+G* computations offered the possibility of comparing three dipeptides containing as a central residue proline, N ethyl alanine and an alanine respectively in their cis and trans conformations. The presence of the electron donating alkyl substituent on the nitrogen atom is an important factor favouring the cis conformation. The stabilisation of the cis conformer is interpreted as being due to electrostatic and induction interactions between the carbonyl group and the substituent on the nitrogen atom.

          Translated abstract

          Un estudio químico cuántico basado en cálculos computacionales B3LYP, 6.31+G* permitió la comparación de tres dipéptidos que contienen como residuo central prolina, N etil alanina y alanina, respectivamente, en sus conformaciones cis y trans. La presencia de un sustituyente alquilo donador de electrones sobre el átomo de nitrógeno es un factor importante que favorece la conformación cis. La estabilización del confórmero cis es debida a interacciones electrostáticas y de inducción entre el grupo carbonilo y el sustituyente sobre el átomo de nitrógeno.

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          Why do ultrasoft repulsive particles cluster and crystallize? Analytical results from density functional theory

          We demonstrate the accuracy of the hypernetted chain closure and of the mean-field approximation for the calculation of the fluid-state properties of systems interacting by means of bounded and positive-definite pair potentials with oscillating Fourier transforms. Subsequently, we prove the validity of a bilinear, random-phase density functional for arbitrary inhomogeneous phases of the same systems. On the basis of this functional, we calculate analytically the freezing parameters of the latter. We demonstrate explicitly that the stable crystals feature a lattice constant that is independent of density and whose value is dictated by the position of the negative minimum of the Fourier transform of the pair potential. This property is equivalent with the existence of clusters, whose population scales proportionally to the density. We establish that regardless of the form of the interaction potential and of the location on the freezing line, all cluster crystals have a universal Lindemann ratio L = 0.189 at freezing. We further make an explicit link between the aforementioned density functional and the harmonic theory of crystals. This allows us to establish an equivalence between the emergence of clusters and the existence of negative Fourier components of the interaction potential. Finally, we make a connection between the class of models at hand and the system of infinite-dimensional hard spheres, when the limits of interaction steepness and space dimension are both taken to infinity in a particularly described fashion.
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            Lattice simulation method to model diffusion and NMR spectra in porous materials

            A coarse-grained simulation method to predict NMR spectra of ions diffusing in porous carbons is proposed. The coarse-grained model uses input from molecular dynamics simulations such as the free-energy profile for ionic adsorption, and density-functional theory calculations are used to predict the NMR chemical shift of the diffusing ions. The approach is used to compute NMR spectra of ions in slit pores with pore widths ranging from 2 to 10 nm. As diffusion inside pores is fast, the NMR spectrum of an ion trapped in a single mesopore will be a sharp peak with a pore size dependent chemical shift. To account for the experimentally observed NMR line shapes, our simulations must model the relatively slow exchange between different pores. We show that the computed NMR line shapes depend on both the pore size distribution and the spatial arrangement of the pores. The technique presented in this work provides a tool to extract information about the spatial distribution of pore sizes from NMR spectra. Such information is diffcult to obtain from other characterisation techniques.
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              Correlated geminal wave function for molecules: an efficient resonating valence bond approach

              We show that a simple correlated wave function, obtained by applying a Jastrow correlation term to an Antisymmetrized Geminal Power (AGP), based upon singlet pairs between electrons, is particularly suited for describing the electronic structure of molecules, yielding a large amount of the correlation energy. The remarkable feature of this approach is that, in principle, several Resonating Valence Bonds (RVB) can be dealt simultaneously with a single determinant, at a computational cost growing with the number of electrons similarly to more conventional methods, such as Hartree-Fock (HF) or Density Functional Theory (DFT). Moreover we describe an extension of the Stochastic Reconfiguration (SR) method, that was recently introduced for the energy minimization of simple atomic wave functions. Within this extension the atomic positions can be considered as further variational parameters, that can be optimized together with the remaining ones. The method is applied to several molecules from Li_2 to benzene by obtaining total energies, bond lengths and binding energies comparable with much more demanding multi configuration schemes.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                aaqa
                Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina
                An. Asoc. Quím. Argent.
                Asociación Química Argentina (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0365-0375
                July 2006
                : 94
                : 1-3
                : 19-26
                Affiliations
                [01] Nancy-Vandoeuvre orgnameUMR 7565 CNRS-Université Henri Poincaré orgdiv1Equipe de Chimie et Biochimie théoriques France
                Article
                S0365-03752006000100002 S0365-0375(06)09400100002
                b4dabcd4-6a4e-418b-b849-c7dfee752005

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 March 2006
                : 04 June 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

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                Regular papers

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