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      FISH-mapping of the 5S rDNA locus in chili peppers (Capsicum-Solanaceae)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT We present here the physical mapping of the 5S rDNA locus in six wild and five cultivated taxa of Capsicum by means of a genus-specific FISH probe. In all taxa, a single 5S locus per haploid genome that persistently mapped onto the short arm of a unique metacentric chromosome pair at intercalar position, was found. 5S FISH signals of almost the same size and brightness intensity were observed in all the analyzed taxa. This is the first cytological characterization of the 5S in wild taxa of Capsicum by using a genus-derived probe, and the most exhaustive and comprehensive in the chili peppers up to now. The information provided here will aid the cytomolecular characterization of pepper germplasm to evaluate variability and can be instrumental to integrate physical, genetic and genomic maps already generated in the genus.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Neste trabalho, apresentamos o mapeamento físico do locus 5S rDNA em seis taxa silvestres e cinco cultivados de Capsicum, obtido através do uso de uma sonda FISH gênero-específica. Em todos os taxa, um único locus 5S por genoma haplóide foi persistentemente mapeado no braço curto de um único par de cromossomos metacêntricos na posição intercalar, e foram observados sinais 5S de FISH de tamanho e intensidade de brilho quase semelhantes. Esta é a primeira caracterização citológica dos 5S nos taxa silvestres de Capsicum usando uma sonda gênero-específica e o estudo sobre o grupo das pimentas mais exaustivo e abrangente realizado até ao momento. A informação aqui fornecida irá ajudar a caracterização citomolecular do germoplasma das pimentas, permitindo avaliar a sua variabilidade e podendo ser usada para integrar mapas físicos, genéticos e genômicos já realizados no gênero.

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          Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual

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            Whole-genome sequencing of cultivated and wild peppers provides insights into Capsicum domestication and specialization.

            As an economic crop, pepper satisfies people's spicy taste and has medicinal uses worldwide. To gain a better understanding of Capsicum evolution, domestication, and specialization, we present here the genome sequence of the cultivated pepper Zunla-1 (C. annuum L.) and its wild progenitor Chiltepin (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). We estimate that the pepper genome expanded ∼0.3 Mya (with respect to the genome of other Solanaceae) by a rapid amplification of retrotransposons elements, resulting in a genome comprised of ∼81% repetitive sequences. Approximately 79% of 3.48-Gb scaffolds containing 34,476 protein-coding genes were anchored to chromosomes by a high-density genetic map. Comparison of cultivated and wild pepper genomes with 20 resequencing accessions revealed molecular footprints of artificial selection, providing us with a list of candidate domestication genes. We also found that dosage compensation effect of tandem duplication genes probably contributed to the pungent diversification in pepper. The Capsicum reference genome provides crucial information for the study of not only the evolution of the pepper genome but also, the Solanaceae family, and it will facilitate the establishment of more effective pepper breeding programs.
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              The Arabidopsis chromatin-modifying nuclear siRNA pathway involves a nucleolar RNA processing center.

              In Arabidopsis thaliana, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct cytosine methylation at endogenous DNA repeats in a pathway involving two forms of nuclear RNA polymerase IV (Pol IVa and Pol IVb), RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2), DICER-LIKE 3 (DCL3), ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4), the chromatin remodeler DRD1, and the de novo cytosine methyltransferase DRM2. We show that RDR2, DCL3, AGO4, and NRPD1b (the largest subunit of Pol IVb) colocalize with siRNAs within the nucleolus. By contrast, Pol IVa and DRD1 are external to the nucleolus and colocalize with endogenous repeat loci. Mutation-induced loss of pathway proteins causes downstream proteins to mislocalize, revealing their order of action. Pol IVa acts first, and its localization is RNA dependent, suggesting an RNA template. We hypothesize that maintenance of the heterochromatic state involves locus-specific Pol IVa transcription followed by siRNA production and assembly of AGO4- and NRPD1b-containing silencing complexes within nucleolar processing centers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aabc
                Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                1678-2690
                March 2016
                : 88
                : 1
                : 117-125
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Misiones Argentina
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Argentina
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina
                Article
                S0001-37652016000100117
                10.1590/0001-37652301620140616
                b4ec6c9d-0575-4b86-ae1d-5d9c56dd870a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-3765&lng=en
                Categories
                MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

                wild and cultivated Capsicum,5S rRNA gene,Capsicum-derived probe,FISH-mapping,Capsicum cultivados e silvestres,gene de rRNA 5S,sonda derivada do Capsicum,mapeamento FISH

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