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      Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning

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          CO2electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface

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            What would it take for renewably powered electrosynthesis to displace petrochemical processes?

            Electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water into chemical feedstocks offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions by shifting the chemical industry away from fossil fuel dependence. We provide a technoeconomic and carbon emission analysis of possible products, offering targets that would need to be met for economically compelling industrial implementation to be achieved. We also provide a comparison of the projected costs and CO 2 emissions across electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and fossil fuel–derived production of chemical feedstocks. We find that for electrosynthesis to become competitive with fossil fuel–derived feedstocks, electrical-to-chemical conversion efficiencies need to reach at least 60%, and renewable electricity prices need to fall below 4 cents per kilowatt-hour. We discuss the possibility of combining electro- and biocatalytic processes, using sequential upgrading of CO 2 as a representative case. We describe the technical challenges and economic barriers to marketable electrosynthesized chemicals.
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              Catalysts and Reaction Pathways for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.

              The electrochemical reduction of CO2 has gained significant interest recently as it has the potential to trigger a sustainable solar-fuel-based economy. In this Perspective, we highlight several heterogeneous and molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 and discuss the reaction pathways through which they form various products. Among those, copper is a unique catalyst as it yields hydrocarbon products, mostly methane, ethylene, and ethanol, with acceptable efficiencies. As a result, substantial effort has been invested to determine the special catalytic properties of copper and to elucidate the mechanism through which hydrocarbons are formed. These mechanistic insights, together with mechanistic insights of CO2 reduction on other metals and molecular complexes, can provide crucial guidelines for the design of future catalyst materials able to efficiently and selectively reduce CO2 to useful products.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature
                Nature
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0028-0836
                1476-4687
                May 2020
                May 13 2020
                May 2020
                : 581
                : 7807
                : 178-183
                Article
                10.1038/s41586-020-2242-8
                32405017
                b4f256a9-9791-4cd8-913e-322a7f2bdd33
                © 2020

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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