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      Maximising and evaluating the uptake, use and impact of golf and health studies

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The dissemination of research, and evaluation of its impact is an increasing priority for the scientific community and funders. We take the topic of golf and health and aim to outline processes that may contribute to improved research uptake, use and impact proposing a research impact (RI) tool. We then evaluate our published research using the Research Contributions Framework (RCF).

          Methods

          Building on existing research and frameworks we i) assessed the need for, ii) carried out and iii) published research, before iv) creating digital resources, v) sharing these resources widely and vi) evaluating our research.

          To evaluate uptake, use and impact of our three principal golf and health research outputs, we performed a contributions analysis, using the RCF first proposed by Morton.

          Results/Discussion

          We developed a specific six-step Research Impact tool. Having implemented this, research uptake and use included over 300 press articles, a dedicated website and social media channels. Golf’s global industry leadership dispersed information across >150 countries, embedded golf and health into curricula for industry professionals and used leading tournaments to promote health. National policy makers hosted dedicated meetings regarding golf and health and began to implement policy change.

          Conclusion

          To date, strong uptake and use can be demonstrated for these studies, while a final contribution to impact requires further time to determine.

          Frameworks we used aiming to maximise impact (Research Impact tool) and evaluate its contribution to uptake, use and impact (Research Contribution Framework) could potentially add value to public health/sports medicine researchers.

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          Most cited references31

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          A systematic review of barriers to and facilitators of the use of evidence by policymakers

          Background The gap between research and practice or policy is often described as a problem. To identify new barriers of and facilitators to the use of evidence by policymakers, and assess the state of research in this area, we updated a systematic review. Methods Systematic review. We searched online databases including Medline, Embase, SocSci Abstracts, CDS, DARE, Psychlit, Cochrane Library, NHSEED, HTA, PAIS, IBSS (Search dates: July 2000 - September 2012). Studies were included if they were primary research or systematic reviews about factors affecting the use of evidence in policy. Studies were coded to extract data on methods, topic, focus, results and population. Results 145 new studies were identified, of which over half were published after 2010. Thirteen systematic reviews were included. Compared with the original review, a much wider range of policy topics was found. Although still primarily in the health field, studies were also drawn from criminal justice, traffic policy, drug policy, and partnership working. The most frequently reported barriers to evidence uptake were poor access to good quality relevant research, and lack of timely research output. The most frequently reported facilitators were collaboration between researchers and policymakers, and improved relationships and skills. There is an increasing amount of research into new models of knowledge transfer, and evaluations of interventions such as knowledge brokerage. Conclusions Timely access to good quality and relevant research evidence, collaborations with policymakers and relationship- and skills-building with policymakers are reported to be the most important factors in influencing the use of evidence. Although investigations into the use of evidence have spread beyond the health field and into more countries, the main barriers and facilitators remained the same as in the earlier review. Few studies provide clear definitions of policy, evidence or policymaker. Nor are empirical data about policy processes or implementation of policy widely available. It is therefore difficult to describe the role of evidence and other factors influencing policy. Future research and policy priorities should aim to illuminate these concepts and processes, target the factors identified in this review, and consider new methods of overcoming the barriers described.
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            The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review

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              Visual Abstracts to Disseminate Research on Social Media

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Br J Sports Med
                Br J Sports Med
                bjsports
                bjsm
                British Journal of Sports Medicine
                BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                0306-3674
                1473-0480
                October 2020
                19 December 2019
                : 54
                : 20
                : 1217-1224
                Affiliations
                [1 ] departmentPhysical Activity for Health Research Centre , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
                [2 ] departmentSport and Exercise , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
                [3 ] Matter of Focus: Evidence, Action, Change , Edinburgh, UK
                [4 ] Health Education Yorkshire and the Humber , Leeds, UK
                [5 ] departmentEuropean Tour Performance Institute , European Tour , Viginia Water, UK
                [6 ] departmentGolf and Health , World Golf Foundation , Ponta Vedra, Florida, USA
                [7 ] departmentUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
                [8 ] departmentInstitute of Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Dr Andrew Murray, Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; docandrewmurray@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3327-8028
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1946-9848
                Article
                bjsports-2019-100994
                10.1136/bjsports-2019-100994
                7548538
                31857336
                b4fdb870-01df-4f27-a27a-a94434f9c4dc
                © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 03 December 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: World Golf Foundation;
                Categories
                Original Research
                1506
                2314
                Custom metadata
                unlocked

                Sports medicine
                effectiveness,evaluation,intervention effectiveness,golf
                Sports medicine
                effectiveness, evaluation, intervention effectiveness, golf

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