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      MicroRNA-664 suppresses the growth of cervical cancer cells via targeting c-Kit

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          Abstract

          Background

          Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in women worldwide. Evidence indicated that miR-664 was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer. However, the mechanisms by which miR-664 regulates the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of miR-664 in cervical cancer.

          Methods

          Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the level of miR-664 in tumor tissues and cell line. The dual luciferase reporter system assay and Western blotting were used to explore the interaction of miR-664 and c-Kit in cervical cancer.

          Results

          The expression of miR-664 in patients with cervical cancer was dramatically decreased compared with that in adjacent tissues. MiR-664 mimics significantly inhibited proliferation in SiHa cells via inducing apoptosis. In addition, miR-664 mimics induced apoptosis in SiHa cells via increasing the expressions of Bax and active caspase 3 and decreasing the level of Bcl-2. Moreover, dual-luciferase assay showed that c-Kit was the directly binding target of miR-664 in SiHa cells; overexpression of miR-664 downregulated the expression of c-Kit. Meanwhile, upregulation of miR-664 significantly decreased the levels of c-Myc and Cyclin D in cells. Furthermore, miR-664 markedly inhibited tumor growth of cervical cancer in xenograft.

          Conclusion

          Our data indicated that miR-664 exerted antitumor effects on SiHa cells by directly targeting c-Kit in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, miR-664 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with cervical cancer.

          Most cited references30

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          MicroRNAs: key players in the immune system, differentiation, tumorigenesis and cell death.

          Micro (mi)RNAs are small, highly conserved noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Each miRNA is believed to regulate the expression of multiple mRNA targets, and many miRNAs have been linked to the initiation and progression of human cancer. miRNAs control various activities of the immune system and different stages of hematopoietic development, and their misexpression is the cause of various blood malignancies. Certain miRNAs have oncogenic activities, whereas others have the potential to act as tumor suppressors. Because they control fundamental processes such as differentiation, cell growth and cell death, the study of the role of miRNAs in human neoplasms holds great promise for novel forms of therapy. Here, we summarize the role of miRNAs and their targets in contributing to human cancers and their function as regulators of apoptotic pathways and the immune system.
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            c-Kit mediates chemoresistance and tumor-initiating capacity of ovarian cancer cells through activation of Wnt/β-catenin-ATP-binding cassette G2 signaling.

            Cisplatin and paclitaxel are standard chemotherapy for metastatic ovarian cancer, but with limited efficacy. Cancer stem/progenitor cells (or tumor-initiating cells, TICs) are hypothesized to be chemoresistant, and the existence of TICs in ovarian cancer has been previously demonstrated. However, the key signals and molecular events regulating the formation and expansion of ovarian tumor-initiating cells (OTICs) remain elusive. Here, we show that c-Kit is not just a marker of OTICs, but also a critical mediator of the phenotype that can be a viable target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In contrast to non-OICs, c-Kit was overexpressed in OTICs. Moreover, the use of small interfering RNA to inhibit c-Kit expression markedly attenuated the number and size of OTIC subpopulations, inhibited the expression of stem cell markers and decreased the tumorigenic capabilities of OTICs. Imatinib (Gleevec), a clinical drug that blocks c-Kit kinase activity, also demonstrated its inhibition potency on OTICs. In addition, cisplatin/paclitaxel, which killed non-OTICs, with c-Kit knockdown or imatinib revealed that this was critically required for intervening ovarian cancer progression and recurrence in vitro and in xenograft tumors in vivo. Similar results were obtained with OTICs derived from ovarian carcinoma patients. Studies into the mechanisms suggest an important role for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and ATP-binding cassette G2 downstream of c-Kit. The tumor-promoting microenvironment, such as hypoxia, could promote OTICs via upregulation of c-Kit expression. These results unravel an integral role for c-Kit in ovarian neoplastic processes and shed light on its mechanisms of action.
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              Epigenetic regulation mechanisms of microRNA expression.

              MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of 18-25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, development and carcinogenesis. Because of the central role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, their expression needs to be tightly controlled. Here, we summarize the different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of miRNAs, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modification.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                DDDT
                dddt
                Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Dove
                1177-8881
                17 July 2019
                2019
                : 13
                : 2371-2379
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ] Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250012, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ] Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People’s Republic of China
                [4 ] Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen university , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Keyu WangDepartment of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University , No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail keyuwang101@ 123456hotmail.com
                Yunsheng XuDepartment of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Shangcai Village, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xuyunsheng1018@ 123456163.com
                Article
                203399
                10.2147/DDDT.S203399
                6645611
                b4ff8a4f-bb97-4e88-bac8-ae9ffb65dd97
                © 2019 Lv et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 29 January 2019
                : 22 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 6, References: 34, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Original Research

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                microrna-664,c-kit,cervical cancer,apoptosis
                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                microrna-664, c-kit, cervical cancer, apoptosis

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