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      Normative reference values for hand grip dynamometry in Spain. Association with lean mass Translated title: Valores de normalidad de dinamometría de mano en España. Relación con la masa magra

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to establish reference values for hand grip strength, compare the results obtained with Collin and Jamar type dynamometers and determine their association with anthropometric and lean mass measurements. Material and methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was undertaken in Pizarra (Málaga, Spain). The grip strength of the dominant hand was measured using Collin and Jamar dynamometers. Skinfolds (triceps, abdominal, biceps of dominant arm and subscapular) were measured, and body composition was estimated. Eight hundred seventeen adults randomly selected from the census were recruited. Dynamometry reference values are presented for the dominant hand, by gender and age groups. Results: No determinations could be made with the Collin dynamometer in 69 women due to the difficulty in grasping the dynamometer. We found significant positive correlations between the measurements with Jamar and Collin dynamometers (r = 0.782; p < 0.001) and between grip strength and lean mass index (LMI), determined by both dynamometers (r = 0.538, p < 0.001 and r = 0.462, p < 0.001, respectively). Malnourished patients according to LMI had significantly lower grip strength than normally nourished patients (p < 0.001 for Jamar; p < 0.02 for Collin). Conclusions: Dynamometry reference values in the Spanish population are presented. We recommend the use of the Jamar type dynamometer versus the Collin type dynamometer. Hand grip dynamometry is associated with lean mass, which confirms its usefulness in nutritional assessment.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos: no existen valores de normalidad en España con el dinamómetro Jamar. El objetivo fue determinar valores de normalidad de fuerza muscular, comparar los resultados obtenidos con los dinamómetros tipo Collin y tipo Jamar entre sí, y determinar su asociación con medidas antropométricas y de masa magra. Material y métodos: estudio transversal de base poblacional en Pizarra (Málaga). Se determinó la fuerza de prensión de la mano dominante mediante dinamómetros Collin y Jamar. Se midieron los pliegues cutáneos (tricipital, abdominal, bicipital del brazo dominante y subescapular) y se estimó la composición corporal. Se reclutaron 817 adultos seleccionados aleatoriamente del censo. Se presentan valores de referencia de dinamometría para la mano dominante, por género y grupos de edad. Resultados: no se pudieron realizar determinaciones con el dinamómetro Collin en 69 mujeres debido a la dificultad para agarrar el dinamómetro. Encontramos correlaciones positivas significativas entre las medidas de los dinamómetros Jamar y Collin (r = 0,782; p < 0,001) y entre la fuerza muscular determinada mediante ambos dinamómetros y el índice de masa magra (IMM) (r = 0,538, p < 0,001 y r = 0,462, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Los pacientes desnutridos según IMM presentaron una fuerza muscular significativamente menor a la de los pacientes normonutridos (p < 0,001 para Jamar y p < 0,02 para Collin). Conclusiones: se presentan valores de referencia de dinamometría en población española. Recomendamos el uso del dinamómetro tipo Jamar frente al dinamómetro tipo Collin. La dinamometría de mano se asocia con la masa magra, lo que avala su utilidad en la valoración nutricional.

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          Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN Consensus Statement.

          To provide a consensus-based minimum set of criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition to be applied independent of clinical setting and aetiology, and to unify international terminology.
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            Hand grip strength: outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status.

            Among all muscle function tests, measurement of hand grip strength has gained attention as a simple, non-invasive marker of muscle strength of upper extremities, well suitable for clinical use. This review outlines the prognostic relevance of grip strength in various clinical and epidemiologic settings and investigates its suitability as marker of nutritional status in cross-sectional as well as intervention studies. Studies investigating grip strength as prognostic marker or nutritional parameter in cross-sectional or intervention studies were summarized. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have shown the predictive potential of hand grip strength regarding short and long-term mortality and morbidity. In patients, impaired grip strength is an indicator of increased postoperative complications, increased length of hospitalization, higher rehospitalisation rate and decreased physical status. In elderly in particular, loss of grip strength implies loss of independence. Epidemiological studies have moreover demonstrated that low grip strength in healthy adults predicts increased risk of functional limitations and disability in higher age as well as all-cause mortality. As muscle function reacts early to nutritional deprivation, hand grip strength has also become a popular marker of nutritional status and is increasingly being employed as outcome variable in nutritional intervention studies. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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              Grip Strength across the Life Course: Normative Data from Twelve British Studies

              Introduction Epidemiological studies have shown that weaker grip strength in later life is associated with disability, morbidity, and mortality. Grip strength is a key component of the sarcopenia and frailty phenotypes and yet it is unclear how individual measurements should be interpreted. Our objective was to produce cross-sectional centile values for grip strength across the life course. A secondary objective was to examine the impact of different aspects of measurement protocol. Methods We combined 60,803 observations from 49,964 participants (26,687 female) of 12 general population studies in Great Britain. We produced centile curves for ages 4 to 90 and investigated the prevalence of weak grip, defined as strength at least 2.5 SDs below the gender-specific peak mean. We carried out a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of dynamometer type and measurement position (seated or standing). Results Our results suggested three overall periods: an increase to peak in early adult life, maintenance through to midlife, and decline from midlife onwards. Males were on average stronger than females from adolescence onwards: males’ peak median grip was 51 kg between ages 29 and 39, compared to 31 kg in females between ages 26 and 42. Weak grip strength, defined as strength at least 2.5 SDs below the gender-specific peak mean, increased sharply with age, reaching a prevalence of 23% in males and 27% in females by age 80. Sensitivity analyses suggested our findings were robust to differences in dynamometer type and measurement position. Conclusion This is the first study to provide normative data for grip strength across the life course. These centile values have the potential to inform the clinical assessment of grip strength which is recognised as an important part of the identification of people with sarcopenia and frailty.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2018
                : 35
                : 1
                : 98-103
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III orgdiv1CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CB07/08/0019) Spain
                [1] Málaga Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Málaga orgdiv1Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga orgdiv2Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición. IBIMA Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112018000100098 S0212-1611(18)03500100098
                10.20960/nh.1052
                29565156
                b51e2654-67bc-4452-9d77-b1d4502594c7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 February 2017
                : 09 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Reference values,Hand grip,Valores de normalidad. Prensión de la mano,Fuerza muscular,Dinamometría. Estado nutricional,Nutritional status,Hand strength,Dynamometry

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