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      Osteopontin: Relation between Adipose Tissue and Bone Homeostasis

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          Abstract

          Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein mainly associated with bone metabolism and remodeling. Besides its physiological functions, OPN is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states, such as obesity and osteoporosis. Importantly, during the last decades obesity and osteoporosis have become among the main threats to health worldwide. Because OPN is a protein principally expressed in cells with multifaceted effects on bone morphogenesis and remodeling and because it seems to be one of the most overexpressed genes in the adipose tissue of the obese contributing to osteoporosis, this mini review will highlight recent insights about relation between adipose tissue and bone homeostasis.

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          Alzheimer's disease

          Elizabeth Burns, S Iliffe (2009)
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            Mechanisms of disease: is osteoporosis the obesity of bone?

            Clifford Rosen, Mary Bouxsein (2006)
            Osteoporosis and obesity, two disorders of body composition, are growing in prevalence. Interestingly, these diseases share several features including a genetic predisposition and a common progenitor cell. With aging, the composition of bone marrow shifts to favor the presence of adipocytes, osteoclast activity increases, and osteoblast function declines, resulting in osteoporosis. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, including diabetes mellitus, glucocorticoids and immobility, are associated with bone-marrow adiposity. In this review, we ask a provocative question: does fat infiltration in the bone marrow cause low bone mass or is it a result of bone loss? Unraveling the interface between bone and fat at a molecular and cellular level is likely to lead to a better understanding of several diseases, and to the development of drugs for both osteoporosis and obesity.
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              Propagation and senescence of human marrow stromal cells in culture: a simple colony-forming assay identifies samples with the greatest potential to propagate and differentiate.

              C. M. DiGirolamo, D. Stokes, D Colter … (1999)
              Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from bone marrow obtained by aspirates of the iliac crest of normal volunteers. The cells were isolated by their adherence to plastic and then passed in culture. Some of the samples expanded through over 15 cell doublings from the time frozen stocks were prepared. Others ceased replicating after about four cell doublings. The replicative potential of the cells in culture was best predicted by a simple colony-forming assay in which samples from early passages were plated at low densities of about 10 cells per cm2. Samples with high colony-forming efficiency exhibited the greatest replicative potential. The colonies obtained by plating early passage cells at low density varied in size and morphology. The large colonies readily differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes when incubated in the appropriate medium. As samples were expanded in culture and approached senescence, they retained their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. However, the cells failed to differentiate into adipocytes. The loss of multipotentiality following serial passage in culture may have important implications for the use of expanded MSCs for cell and gene therapy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 184 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Stem Cells Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Stem Cells Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SCI
                Title: Stem Cells International
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1687-966X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1687-9678
                Publication date (Print): 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 January 2017
                Volume: 2017
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4045238
                Affiliations
                1Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Second University of Naples, 16 Costantinopoli Str., 80138 Naples, Italy
                2Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
                3Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Armand Keating

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-1155
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-0332
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-784X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-218X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-867X
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2017/4045238
                PMC ID: 5282444
                PubMed ID: 28194185
                SO-VID: b5242ef5-0e97-4263-bdf9-5ec4cfd18d41
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 Carolina De Fusco et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 29 April 2016
                Date revision received : 19 November 2016
                Date accepted : 18 December 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine

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