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      Beyond preference and performance: host plant selection by monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus

      1 , 2 , 3
      Oikos
      Wiley

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          Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature.

          Herbivore attack is known to increase the emission of volatiles, which attract predators to herbivore-damaged plants in the laboratory and agricultural systems. We quantified volatile emissions from Nicotiana attenuata plants growing in natural populations during attack by three species of leaf-feeding herbivores and mimicked the release of five commonly emitted volatiles individually. Three compounds (cis-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, and cis-alpha-bergamotene) increased egg predation rates by a generalist predator; linalool and the complete blend decreased lepidopteran oviposition rates. As a consequence, a plant could reduce the number of herbivores by more than 90% by releasing volatiles. These results confirm that indirect defenses can operate in nature.
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            A meta-analysis of preference-performance relationships in phytophagous insects.

            The extent to which behavioural choices reflect fine-tuned evolutionary adaptation remains an open debate. For herbivorous insects, the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH) states that female insects will evolve to oviposit on hosts on which their offspring fare best. In this study, we use meta-analysis to assess the balance of evidence for and against the PPH, and to evaluate the role of individual factors proposed to influence host selection by female insects. We do so in an explicitly bitrophic context (herbivores versus plants). Overall, our analyses offer clear support for the PPH: Offspring survive better on preferred plant types, and females lay more eggs on plant types conducive to offspring performance. We also found evidence for an effect of diet breadth on host choice: female preference for 'good quality plants' was stronger in oligophagous insects than in polyphagous insects. Nonetheless, despite the large numbers of preference-performance studies conducted to date, sample sizes in our meta-analysis are low due to the inconsistent format used by authors to present their results. To improve the situation, we invite authors to contribute to the data base emerging from this work, with the aim of reaching a strengthened synthesis of the subject field.
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              Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Oikos
                Oikos
                Wiley
                0030-1299
                1600-0706
                April 03 2019
                August 2019
                February 19 2019
                August 2019
                : 128
                : 8
                : 1092-1102
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dept of Biology, Bowdoin College Brunswick ME 04011 USA
                [2 ]Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell Univ Ithaca NY USA
                [3 ]Dept of Entomology, Cornell Univ Ithaca NY USA
                Article
                10.1111/oik.06001
                b525c9a1-3f1f-43b7-b637-e46591a98b37
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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