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      ¿Los quistes renales simples son otra forma de manifestación de prelitiasis en la infancia? Translated title: Are simple renal cysts another manifestation of prelithiasis in infancy?

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          Abstract

          Los quistes renales simples son lesiones poco frecuentes en pacientes pediátricos. En ausencia de hipopotasemia o de un incremento en la producción de NH4+, se desconoce el origen de los mismos. Hepler, en 1930, propuso que su causa podría ser una obstrucción tubular. Hemos estudiado de forma prospectiva la presencia de hipercalciuria o de hipocitraturia, así como los antecedentes familiares de litiasis en un grupo de niños diagnosticados ecográficamente de quistes renales simples. Al diagnóstico, la edad media de los 22 pacientes (12 varones y 10 mujeres) fue de 6,04 ± 2,9 años. El estudio ecográfico se había solicitado por infección de vías urinarias, dolor abdominal, hematuria u otros. Los quistes fueron ligeramente más frecuentes en el lado izquierdo (54,5%). Todos estaban ubicados en el polo renal superior. En 14 pacientes (63,6%) se demostró que eran portadores de hipercalciuria o hipocitraturia (hipercalciurian = 11, 50%). En 13 familias existían antecedentes de litiasis renal. En conjunto, las anomalías metabólicas estudiadas causantes de cálculos en los niños o los antecedentes familiares de litiasis estaban presentes en 19 familias (86,3%). Nuestra hipótesis es que ambas entidades, quistes renales y predisposición genética a padecer cálculos renales, están relacionadas.

          Translated abstract

          Simple renal cysts are uncommon lesions in paediatric patients. In the absence of hypokalaemia or an increase in the production of NH+, the cause of simple renal cysts is unknown. Hepler, in 1930, suggested that they may be caused by a tubular obstruction. We prospectively studied the presence of hypercalciuria or hypocitraturia as well as the family history of urolithiasis in a group of children diagnosed sonographically with simple renal cysts. The average age of the 22 patients (12M, 10F) was 6.04 ± 2.9 years at the time of diagnosis. The ultrasound examination had been requested due to urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, haematuria or other disorders. The cysts were slightly more frequent on the left side (54.5%). All were located in the upper kidney pole. 14 patients were found to have hypercalciuria and/or hypocitraturia (hypercalciuria n = 11, 50%). Thirteen families had history of renal stones. The metabolic abnormalities associated with calculi in children and/or family history of stones were present in 19 families (86.3%). Our hypothesis is that both entities, renal cysts, and genetic predisposition to kidney stones, are related.

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          A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in children derived from body length and plasma creatinine.

          Based on statistical analysis of data in 186 children, a formula was derived which allows accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from plasma creatinine and body lenght (GFR(ml/min/1.73 sq m) = 0.55 length (cm)/Per (mg/dl). Its application to clearance data in a separate group of 223 children reveals excellent agreement with GFR estimated by the Ccr (r = .935) or Cin (r = .905). This formula should be useful for adjusting dosages of drugs excreted by the kidney and detecting significant changes in renal function.
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            Prevalence and clinical characteristics of simple renal cyst.

            We investigated simple renal cysts to understand the prevalence in healthy individuals and evaluate their clinical characteristics to determine whether or not there are any risk factors associated with simple renal cysts.
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              Association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts.

              The recognition of renal cysts in two patients with chronic hypokalemia and the renal effects of hypokalemia in certain species of animals prompted this study of the possible association of hypokalemia and renal cysts in patients with primary aldosteronism or primary renal potassium wasting. Using CT scans, we studied 55 patients with primary aldosteronism, of whom 24 had cysts (44 percent). The cysts were more frequent in patients with adrenal tumors than in those with idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. Sixteen of the 26 patients with tumors (62 percent) had renal cysts, which were often multiple and located in the medulla. Lower plasma potassium levels and higher serum aldosterone levels, urinary aldosterone excretion, and plasma renin activity were correlated with the extent of the cystic disease. Sequential observations indicated that prolonged hypokalemia can be accompanied by the development of renal scarring and that the size and number of cysts can decrease markedly in some patients after the removal of an adrenal adenoma. The association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts was also supported by the finding of multiple medullary cysts in two patients with primary renal potassium wasting. We conclude that chronic hypokalemia is accompanied by enhanced renal cytogenesis and may lead to interstitial scarring and renal insufficiency. Renal cysts are thus dynamic structures whose growth can be influenced by hormonal or pharmacologic interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nefrologia
                Nefrología (Madrid)
                Nefrología (Madr.)
                Sociedad Española de Nefrología (Cantabria, Santander, Spain )
                0211-6995
                1989-2284
                2010
                : 30
                : 3
                : 337-341
                Affiliations
                [01] Santa Cruz de Tenerife orgnameHospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria orgdiv1Unidad de Nefrología Pediátrica España
                [02] México orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) orgdiv1Centro Médico Nacional La Raza orgdiv2Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica México
                Article
                S0211-69952010000300011
                b5708308-bc7c-4650-8168-36fb297d7b1d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Spain


                Quiste renal simple,Hipercalciuria,Hipocitraturia,Urolitiasis,Simple renal cyst,Hypercalciuria,Hypocitraturia,Urolithiasis

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