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      • Record: found
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      The Development of Stimulus and Response Interference Control in Midchildhood

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          Abstract

          Interference control, the ability to overcome distraction from irrelevant information, undergoes considerable improvement during childhood, yet the mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. The present study investigated the relative influence of interference at the level of the stimulus or the response. Seven-, 10-, and 20-year-olds completed a flanker paradigm in which stimulus and response interference was experimentally manipulated. The influence of stimulus interference decreased from 7 to 10 years, whereas there was no difference in response interference across age groups. The findings demonstrate that a range of processes contribute to the development of interference control and may influence performance to a greater or lesser extent depending on the task requirements and the age of the child.

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          Optimizing the use of information: strategic control of activation of responses.

          G Gratton, M. G. Coles, E Donchin (1992)
          Recent studies indicate that subjects may respond to visual information during either an early parallel phase or a later focused phase and that the selection of the relevant phase is data driven. Using the noise-compatibility paradigm, we tested the hypothesis that this selection may also be strategic and context driven. At least part of the interference effect observed in this paradigm is due to response activation during the parallel-processing phase. We manipulated subjects' expectancies for compatible and incompatible noise in 4 experiments and effectively modulated the interference effect. The results suggest that expectancies about the relative utility of the information extracted during the parallel and focused phases determine which phase is used to activate responses.
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            Conflict adaptation effects in the absence of executive control.

            Edward Awh, Ulrich Mayr, Paul Laurey (2003)
            Article 0 comments Cited 153 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A feature-integration account of sequential effects in the Simon task.

              Bernhard Hommel, Robert W. Proctor, Kim-Phuong L Vu (2004)
              Recent studies have shown that the effects of irrelevant spatial stimulus-response (S-R) correspondence (i.e., the Simon effect) occur only after trials in which the stimulus and response locations corresponded. This has been attributed to the gating of irrelevant information or the suppression of an automatic S-R route after experiencing a noncorresponding trial-a challenge to the widespread assumption of direct, intentionally unmediated links between spatial stimulus and response codes. However, trial sequences in a Simon task are likely to produce effects of stimulus- and response-feature integration that may mimic the sequential dependencies of Simon effects. Four experiments confirmed that Simon effects are eliminated if the preceding trial involved a noncorresponding S-R pair. However, this was true even when the preceding response did not depend on the preceding stimulus or if the preceding trial required no response at all. These findings rule out gating/suppression accounts that attribute sequential dependencies to response selection difficulties. Moreover, they are consistent with a feature-integration approach and demonstrate that accounting for the sequential dependencies of Simon effects does not require the assumption of information gating or response suppression.
              Article 0 comments Cited 152 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jacquelynne S. Eccles: Role: Editor
                Eric F. Dubow: Role: Incoming Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dev Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dev Psychol
                Title: Developmental Psychology
                Publisher: American Psychological Association
                ISSN (Print): 0012-1649
                ISSN (Electronic): 1939-0599
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 November 2015
                Publication date (Print): February 2016
                Volume: 52
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 242-252
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Nottingham
                Author notes
                This work was supported by an Academic Fellowship from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant EP/E500102/1).
                [*] [* ]Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Lucy Cragg, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom lucy.cragg@ 123456nottingham.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: dev_52_2_242 Publisher ID: 2015-53032-001
                DOI: 10.1037/dev0000074
                PMC ID: 4725334
                PubMed ID: 26595353
                SO-VID: b5729700-47ec-449b-b3d5-4088546ca96e
                Copyright © © 2015 The Author(s)
                License:

                This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s). Author(s) grant(s) the American Psychological Association the exclusive right to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.

                History
                Date received : 12 December 2014
                Date revision received : 20 July 2015
                Date accepted : 28 September 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Articles

                Keywords: interference control,stimulus conflict,response conflict,flanker task,conflict adaptation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: interference control, stimulus conflict, response conflict, flanker task, conflict adaptation

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