Chrononutrition and Polyphenols: Roles and Diseases

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Abstract

Biological rhythms can influence the activity of bioactive compounds, and at the same time, the intake of these compounds can modulate biological rhythms. In this context, chrononutrition has appeared as a research field centered on the study of the interactions among biological rhythms, nutrition, and metabolism. This review summarizes the role of phenolic compounds in the modulation of biological rhythms, focusing on their effects in the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases. Heterotrophs are able to sense chemical cues mediated by phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, promoting their adaptation to environmental conditions. This is called xenohormesis. Hence, the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in phenolic compounds exerts several health benefits, mainly attributed to the product of their metabolism. However, the profile of phenolic compounds present in plants differs among species and is highly variable depending on agricultural and technological factors. In this sense, the seasonal consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits could induce important changes in the regulation of physiology and metabolism due to the particular phenolic profile that the fruits contain. This fact highlights the need for studies that evaluate the impact of these specific phenolic profiles on health to establish more accurate dietary recommendations.

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Disruption of the Clock Components CLOCK and BMAL1 Leads to Hypoinsulinemia and Diabetes

Biliana Marcheva, Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey, Ethan D Buhr … (2010)

The molecular clock maintains energy constancy by producing circadian oscillations of rate-limiting enzymes involved in tissue metabolism across the day and night1–3. During periods of feeding, pancreatic islets secrete insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis, and while rhythmic control of insulin release is recognized to be dysregulated in humans with diabetes4, it is not known how the circadian clock may affect this process. Here we show that pancreatic islets possess self-sustained circadian gene and protein oscillations of the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1. The phase of oscillation of islet genes involved in growth, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling is delayed in circadian mutant mice, and both Clock 5,6 and Bmal1 7 mutants exhibit impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin secretion, and defects in size and proliferation of pancreatic islets that worsen with age. Clock disruption leads to transcriptome-wide alterations in the expression of islet genes involved in growth, survival, and synaptic vesicle assembly. Remarkably, conditional ablation of the pancreatic clock causes diabetes mellitus due to defective β-cell function at the very latest stage of stimulus-secretion coupling. These results demonstrate a role for the β-cell clock in coordinating insulin secretion with the sleep-wake cycle, and reveal that ablation of the pancreatic clock can trigger onset of diabetes mellitus.

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A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol.

J. M. Calderon-Montano, E Burgos-Morón, C Pérez-Guerrero … (2011)

Epidemiological studies have revealed that a diet rich in plant-derived foods has a protective effect on human health. Identifying bioactive dietary constituents is an active area of scientific investigation that may lead to new drug discovery. Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g. tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g. Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Some epidemiological studies have found a positive association between the consumption of foods containing kaempferol and a reduced risk of developing several disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that kaempferol and some glycosides of kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporotic, estrogenic/antiestrogenic, anxiolytic, analgesic and antiallergic activities. In this article, the distribution of kaempferol in the plant kingdom and its pharmacological properties are reviewed. The pharmacokinetics (e.g. oral bioavailability, metabolism, plasma levels) and safety of kaempferol are also analyzed. This information may help understand the health benefits of kaempferol-containing plants and may contribute to develop this flavonoid as a possible agent for the prevention and treatment of some diseases.

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High caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women.

Daniela J Jakubowicz, Maayan Barnea, Julio Wainstein … (2013)

Few studies examined the association between time-of-day of nutrient intake and the metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to compare a weight loss diet with high caloric intake during breakfast to an isocaloric diet with high caloric intake at dinner. Overweight and obese women (BMI 32.4 ± 1.8 kg/m(2) ) with metabolic syndrome were randomized into two isocaloric (~1400 kcal) weight loss groups, a breakfast (BF) (700 kcal breakfast, 500 kcal lunch, 200 kcal dinner) or a dinner (D) group (200 kcal breakfast, 500 kcal lunch, 700 kcal dinner) for 12 weeks. The BF group showed greater weight loss and waist circumference reduction. Although fasting glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were reduced in both groups, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly to a greater extent in the BF group. Mean triglyceride levels decreased by 33.6% in the BF group, but increased by 14.6% in the D group. Oral glucose tolerance test led to a greater decrease of glucose and insulin in the BF group. In response to meal challenges, the overall daily glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and mean hunger scores were significantly lower, whereas mean satiety scores were significantly higher in the BF group. High-calorie breakfast with reduced intake at dinner is beneficial and might be a useful alternative for the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients

Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients

Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2019

Publication date Collection: November 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 2602

Affiliations

[1 ]Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; anna.arola@ 123456urv.cat (A.A.-A.); alvarojavier.cruz@ 123456urv.cat (Á.C.-C.); cristina.torres@ 123456urv.cat (C.T.-F.); franciscojavier.avila@ 123456urv.cat (J.Á.-R.); gerard.aragones@ 123456urv.cat (G.A.); miquel.mulero@ 123456urv.cat (M.M.); franciscaisabel.bravo@ 123456urv.cat (F.I.B.); begona.muguerza@ 123456urv.cat (B.M.); lluis.arola@ 123456urv.cat (L.A.)

[2 ]Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, 43204 Reus, Spain

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: manuel.suarez@ 123456urv.cat ; Tel.: +34-977-558-630

Author information

Anna Arola-Arnal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-1345

Álvaro Cruz-Carrión https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-2340

Cristina Torres-Fuentes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-6910

Javier Ávila-Román https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-8178

Gerard Aragonès https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-5726

Miquel Mulero https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-2065

Francisca Isabel Bravo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-3088

Begoña Muguerza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-8588

Manuel Suárez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-8253

Article

Publisher ID: nutrients-11-02602

DOI: 10.3390/nu11112602

PMC ID: 6893786

PubMed ID: 31671606

SO-VID: b5c2f53c-057c-4944-9a12-41f892e98fdb

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 27 September 2019

Date accepted : 24 October 2019

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Chrononutrition and Polyphenols: Roles and Diseases

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Most cited references 90

Disruption of the Clock Components CLOCK and BMAL1 Leads to Hypoinsulinemia and Diabetes

A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol.

High caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women.

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