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      Factores predictores de los niveles de burnout y work engagement en médicos y enfermeras: una revisión sistemática Translated title: Predictive factors for burnout and work engagement levels among doctors and nurses: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: Los profesionales sanitarios suelen estar sometidos a condiciones laborales exigentes y tanto el burnout como el work engagement son reacciones psicológicas que se desarrollan cuando las características personales interactúan con las características del trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores que influyen en los niveles de burnout y work engagement en los profesionales sanitarios. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO y ScienceDirect de los artículos publicados entre los meses de enero de 2015 y octubre de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Resultados: Un total de 27 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Entre los profesionales sanitarios se observaron niveles moderados de work engagement y valores bajos de burnout. Las demandas laborales (sobrecarga laboral, tipo de turno, concurrencia de eventos negativos, tipo de servicio, etc.) y los recursos personales, situacionales y organizacionales (capital psicológico, apoyo social, capacidad de expresar emociones, valores personales, sentirse autorrealizado, entre otros), pueden ser factores que influyan en los niveles de work engagement y burnout. Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten ofrecer implicaciones para el diseño, la evaluación y eficacia de las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para reducir el riesgo de burnout y mejorar los niveles de work engagement en los trabajadores de la salud.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Healthcare professionals are often subjected to demanding working conditions, and both burnout and work engagement are psychological reactions that develop when personality traits interact with the characteristics of the work. The objective of this study was to analyse the factors that influence burnout and work engagement levels among healthcare professionals. Methods: A systematic review of articles published between January 2015 and October 2020 was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases, following the PRISMA format. Methodological quality was assessed through the critical evaluation tools for non-randomised studies by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 27 studies were included in this review. Moderate levels of work engagement and low levels of burnout were observed among healthcare professionals. Job demands (work overload, shift type, negative events, type of service, etc.) and personal, situational, and organisational resources (psychological capital, social support, ability to express emotions, personal values, feeling self-fulfilled, among others) may be factors that influence work engagement and burnout levels. Conclusions: The results provide implications for the design, assessment and effectiveness of workplace interventions towards reducing the risk of burnout and improving work engagement levels among healthcare professionals.

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          The job demands-resources model of burnout.

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            Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study

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              Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD–R Approach

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2021
                : 95
                : e202104046
                Affiliations
                [7] Huelva Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Huelva orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología Social, Evolutiva y de la Educación Spain
                [4] Guayaquil orgnameUniversidad Espíritu Santo orgdiv1Programa de Posgrado de Seguridad y Salud Ecuador
                [5] Huelva orgnameGrupo de investigación PAIDI SEJ-523 Prevención de Riesgos Laborales España
                [3] Lisboa orgnameUniversidade Atlântica orgdiv1Escola Superior de Saúde Portugal
                [2] Huelva Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Huelva orgdiv1Escuela de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud Spain
                [1] Huelva Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Huelva orgdiv1Departamento de Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Pública Spain
                [6] Huelva Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Huelva orgdiv1Departamento de Economía Spain
                Article
                S1135-57272021000100502 S1135-5727(21)09500000502
                b5e6285a-35d9-4211-8ea5-461e4a3bddc9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 January 2021
                : 25 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health


                Agotamiento psicológico,Estrés psicológico,Compromiso laboral,Factores de riesgo,Nurses,Physicians,Mental health,Professional burnout,Psychological stress,Work engagement,Risk factors,Enfermeras,Médicos,Salud mental

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