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      Tomato Twisted Leaf Virus: A Novel Indigenous New World Monopartite Begomovirus Infecting Tomato in Venezuela

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          Abstract

          Begomoviruses are one of the major groups of plant viruses with an important economic impact on crop production in tropical and subtropical regions. The global spread of its polyphagous vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, has contributed to the emergence and diversification of species within this genus. In this study, we found a putative novel begomovirus infecting tomato plants in Venezuela without a cognate DNA-B component. This begomovirus was genetically characterized and compared with related species. Furthermore, its infectivity was demonstrated by agroinoculation of infectious clones in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The name Tomato twisted leaf virus (ToTLV) is proposed. ToTLV showed the typical genome organization of the DNA-A component of New World bipartite begomoviruses. However, the single DNA component of ToTLV was able to develop systemic infection in tomato and N. benthamiana plants, suggesting a monopartite nature of its genome. Interestingly, an additional open reading frame ORF was observed in ToTLV encompassing the intergenic region and the coat protein gene, which is not present in other closely related begomoviruses. A putative transcript from this region was amplified by strand-specific reverse transcription-PCR. Along with recent studies, our results showed that the diversity of monopartite begomoviruses from the New World is greater than previously thought.

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          Most cited references29

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          Precision Farming: Technologies and Information as Risk-Reduction Tools

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            ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae

            The geminiviruses are a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2500–5200 bases. Geminiviruses are transmitted by various types of insect (whiteflies, leafhoppers, treehoppers and aphids). Members of the genus Begomovirus are transmitted by whiteflies, those in the genera Becurtovirus, Curtovirus, Grablovirus, Mastrevirus and Turncurtovirus are transmitted by specific leafhoppers, the single member of the genus Topocuvirus is transmitted by a treehopper and one member of the genus Capulavirus is transmitted by an aphid. Geminiviruses are plant pathogens causing economically important diseases in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Geminiviridae which is available at www.ictv.global/report/geminiviridae.
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              Interaction with host SGS3 is required for suppression of RNA silencing by tomato yellow leaf curl virus V2 protein.

              The V2 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) functions as an RNA-silencing suppressor that counteracts the innate immune response of the host plant. The host-cell target of V2, however, remains unknown. Here we show that V2 interacts directly with SlSGS3, the tomato homolog of the Arabidopsis SGS3 protein (AtSGS3), which is known to be involved in the RNA-silencing pathway. SlSGS3 genetically complemented an AtSGS3 mutation and restored RNA silencing, indicating that SlSGS3 is indeed a functional homolog of AtSGS3. A point mutant of V2 that is unable to bind SlSGS3 also lost its ability to suppress RNA silencing, suggesting a correlation between the V2-SlSGS3 interaction in planta and the suppressor activity of V2.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Viruses
                Viruses
                viruses
                Viruses
                MDPI
                1999-4915
                04 April 2019
                April 2019
                : 11
                : 4
                : 327
                Affiliations
                [1 ]UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology-Phytopathology, Croix du Sud 2-L07.05.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; mathieu.mahillon@ 123456uclouvain.be
                [2 ]La Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Unidad Técnica Fitosanitaria, Maracaibo 4005, Estado Zulia, Venezuela; fgeraudp@ 123456gmail.com
                [3 ]Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Manabí 130105, Ecuador; dtchirinos@ 123456gmail.com
                [4 ]UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology-Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Croix du Sud 2-L7.05.12, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; annika.gillis@ 123456uclouvain.be (A.G.); jacques.mahillon@ 123456uclouvain.be (J.M.)
                Author notes
                [†]

                Present address: Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-3359
                Article
                viruses-11-00327
                10.3390/v11040327
                6521247
                30987360
                b5e69fee-324b-402c-a6d8-89c9dc793666
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 21 February 2019
                : 02 April 2019
                Categories
                Communication

                Microbiology & Virology
                begomovirus evolution,geminiviridae,solanum lycopersicum,tomato crop
                Microbiology & Virology
                begomovirus evolution, geminiviridae, solanum lycopersicum, tomato crop

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