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      Anticuerpos contra la cardiolipina en glomerulonefritis postestreptocócica concurrente con anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria: a propósito de un caso Translated title: Anticardiolipin antibodies in concurrent poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case report

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          Abstract

          En este artículo, presentamos el caso de una paciente con glomerulonefritis aguda postestreptocócica (GNAPE) y anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria (AHAI). Además de los signos típicos de la GNAPE, la paciente tuvo un resultado positivo en la prueba de antiglobulina directa y anticuerpos contra la cardiolipina sin que presentara las manifestaciones clínicas típicas del síndrome antifosfolipídico. Este caso genera dudas respecto de la relación entre el estreptococo y el desarrollo de anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria en los niños. Este caso destaca la posibilidad de que las infecciones estreptocócicas de nuestra paciente podrían haber causado la anemia, ya sea en el contexto de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos preexistentes o por haber desencadenado el desarrollo de anticuerpos patogénicos, que luego lleva a la presentación clínica de hemólisis. Se presume que, en la paciente, los anticuerpos contra la cardiolipina inducidos por la infección estreptocócica podrían tener una función directa en la presentación clínica de AHAI.

          Translated abstract

          We present a case of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Along with the classic findings of APSGN, the patient had a positive direct antiglobulin test and an anticardiolipin antibody without any typical clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This case raises questions of the relationship between Streptococcus and the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children. Our case highlights the possibility that the streptococcal infections in this patient might be responsible for her anemia, either in setting of underlying antiphospholipid antibodies, or in having triggered the development of pathogenic antibodies, which subsequently leads to the clinical evolution of hemolysis. It is presumed that in our case, the anticardiolipin antibody induced by streptococcal infection may play a direct role in the clinical evolution of AIHA.

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          Most cited references14

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          Antiphospholipid antibodies in response to infection.

          An association between infections and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been reported in several epidemiologic and experimental studies. Infection-induced aPL have been traditionally regarded as transient and were generally not associated with clinical features of antiphospholipid syndrome. The distinction between autoimmune and postinfectious aPL on the basis of requirement of binding cofactor is not absolute, and in recent years, several reports demonstrated that some patients can produce pathogenic antibodies in response to infection. Infections most frequently associated with antiphospholipid syndrome include parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, HIV, streptococcal and staphylococcal infections, gram-negative bacteria, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
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            Significance of anti-phospholipid antibodies in patients with lupus nephritis.

            Anti-phospholipid antibodies (APA) as markers or mediators of thrombosis in lupus could be of pathogenetic significance in nephritis, since glomerular capillary thrombi are an indicator of subsequent renal dysfunction. Isotype specific APA antibodies were measured, using cardiolipin as the antigen, in 76 patients with lupus nephritis. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had elevated IgG APA. Overall, 43% of patients showed raised levels of at least one isotype. In general, APA had specificity for anionic phospholipids. In vitro lupus anticoagulant activity was associated with all three isotypes of APA, but only the IgM isotype correlated with the biological false positive test for syphilis. APA were not associated with thromboses or neurological involvement, and only the IgA isotype correlated with thrombocytopenia. We confirmed an association between the presence of intraglomerular thrombi and serum IgG APA. However, we found no association between APA and renal histological pattern, or long-term renal function. Our data, therefore, do not support a major pathogenetic role for APA in the nephritis of lupus in treated patients.
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              The Journey of Antiphospholipid Antibodies From Cellular Activation to Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aap
                Archivos argentinos de pediatría
                Arch. argent. pediatr.
                Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0325-0075
                1668-3501
                April 2018
                : 116
                : 2
                : e288-e291
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Shanghái Jiao Tong orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital Xinhua
                Article
                S0325-00752018000200026
                10.5546/aap.2018.e288
                b5fa503f-52d7-4e7e-98ba-35466cb1a3f7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 April 2017
                : 19 September 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria,Niño,Glomerulonefritis,Anticuerpos contra la cardiolipina,Child,Glomerulonephritis,Autoimmune hemolytic anemia,Anticardiolipin antibody

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