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      Long-term surgical results in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: efficacy, morbidity and quality of life Translated title: Risultati chirurgici a lungo termine della decompressione microvascolare nell'emispasmo facciale: efficacia, morbilità e qualità di vita

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          SUMMARY

          Hemifacial spasm is a condition that may severely reduce patients' quality of life. Microvascular decompression is the neurosurgical treatment of choice. The objective of this work was to describe the efficacy and morbidity of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm, evaluate the long-term efficacy on the quality of life and investigate prognostic factors for failure of the procedure. A retrospective study of 446 cases of hemifacial spasm treated by 511 retrosigmoid microvascular decompression over 22 years was conducted. Epidemiological, clinical and imaging findings, treatment modalities and outcomes of patients with pre- and postoperative HSF-8 quality of life questionnaire were studied. Success rate was 82% after first surgery and 91.6% after revision surgery. A low rate of perioperative morbidity was found. Facial palsy was mostly transient (5.5% transient and 0.2% permanent) and cochleovestibular deficit was seen in 4.8% of patients. Revision surgery increased nervous lesions (10.6% to 20.7%). Mean quality of life scores were significantly improved from 18 to 2 over 32, evaluated 7.3 years after surgery. Predictive factors of surgical failure were single conflicts (p = 0.041), atypical vasculo-nervous conflicts involving other vessel than postero-inferior cerebellar artery (p = 0.036), such as vein (p = 0.045), and other compression sites than root exit zone (p = 0.027). Retrosigmoid microvascular decompression is a safe and effective treatment of hemifacial spasm. Revision surgery is not to be excluded in case of failure, but does place patients at risk for more complications. Quality of life is improved in the long-term, indicating objective and subjective satisfaction.

          RIASSUNTO

          L'emispasmo facciale è una condizione clinica che può seriamente compromettere la qualità di vita del paziente. In questi casi la decompressione microvascolare rappresenta il trattamento neurochirurgico di scelta. L'obiettivo del presente lavoro è stato quello di descrivere sia l'efficacia che la morbilità della decompressione microvascolare nel trattamento dell'emispasmo facciale, di valutare l'outcome della procedura in termini di qualità di vita e di individuare eventuale fattori prognostici predittivi dell'eventuale fallimento della procedura. È stata revisionata la nostra casistica di 446 casi di emispasmo facciale trattati complessivamente nell'arco di 22 anni con 511 procedure di decompressione microvascolare con approccio retrosigmoideo. Abbiamo quindi analizzato i reperti epidemiologici, clinici e radiologici, le modalità di trattamento e gli outcome mediante la somministrazione pre e post operatoria del questionario HSF-8. Il rateo di successo è stato dell'82% dopo la prima procedura chirurgica e del 91,6 dopo la seconda procedura. Abbiamo registrato una bassa morbilità perioperatoria. La paralisi del facciale è stato per lo più un fenomeno transitorio (5,5% dei casi, permanente nello 0,2%). Nel 4,8% dei casi si è avuto invece un deficit cocleovestibolare. La chirurgia di revisione è stata invece gravata da un aumentato rateo di lesioni nervose (10.6 -20.7%). La qualità di vita a seguito della chirurgia valutata mediante HSF-8 è risultata migliore con uno score ridotto in media da 18 a 2 su 32. I fattori predittivi di fallimento chirurgico individuate sono stati I conflitti singoli (p = 0,041), conflitti atipici non coinvolgenti la PICA (p = 0,036), come quelli venosi (p = 0,045) e zone di compressione alternative all'emergenza radicolare (p = 0,027). In conclusione, la decompressione microvascolare con accesso retrosigmoideo si è rivelata essere una tecnica sicura ed efficace nel trattamento dell'emispasmo facciale. La revisione chirurgica è un opzione percorribile, ma espone a un maggior rischio di complicanze. La qualità di vita è risultata accresciuta a nel lungo termine, dimostrando un elevato grado di soddisfazione e beneficio oggettivo e soggettivo.

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          Health related quality of life in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of disease specific instruments.

          To compare and contrast disease-specific quality of life instruments in Parkinson's disease and assess their clinimetric properties. Two reviewers independently evaluated both thoroughness and results of studies regarding clinimetric characteristics of identified scales. Twenty studies were found reporting on the clinimetric properties of four scales. The content validity of the Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39 item version (PDQ-39), the Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire (PDQL), and the "Fragebogen Parkinson LebensQualität" (Parkinson Quality of Life questionnaire; PLQ) was adequate to good, but for the Parkinson's impact scale (PIMS) it was insufficient. Construct validity of both the PDQ-39 and the PDQL was good, but for the PLQ and the PIMS this was insufficiently evaluated. Internal consistency of all scale totals and of subscale totals of the PDQL were good, whereas for the social support subscale of the PDQ-39 and four subscales of the PLQ this was inadequate. Test-retest reliability was not evaluated for the PDQL and was adequate in the other scales. Responsiveness was partially established for the PDQ-39, and not assessed for the other scales. The number of available translations, as well as the number of studies in which these instruments were used, differed considerably. The selection of an instrument partially depends on the goal of the study. In many situations however, the PDQ-39 will probably be the most appropriate HRQoL instrument. The PDQL may be considered as an alternative, whereas the PLQ may be considered in studies involving German speaking patients with Parkinson's disease. Use of the PIMS should be considered only as a means of identifying areas of potential problems.
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            Safety and effectiveness of microvascular decompression for treatment of hemifacial spasm: a systematic review.

            Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is caused by vascular compression of the VII cranial nerve at its root exit zone from the brainstem. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the only treatment option that offers the prospect of a definitive cure for HFS. We conducted the first systematic review on the safety and effectiveness of MVD for the treatment of HFS.
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              Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: analyses of operative complications in 1582 consecutive patients.

              Microvascular decompression is the most reliable treatment for HFS, but it may cause complications. The aim was to identify factors affecting the prognosis after MVD and to establish appropriate means to reduce complications. We retrospectively reviewed 1524 patients with HFS who underwent MVD and were followed for more than 6 months since January 1987. The mean follow-up duration was 30.9 months (6-197 months). The effect of MVD was satisfying (excellent or good) in 94.6% (n = 1442). The failure and recurrence rates were 2.1% (n = 32) and 0.4% (n = 6), respectively. Postoperative complications were noted in 545 (35.8%) patients. Among them, facial palsy, hearing deficit, and low cranial nerve palsies were found in 18.6% (n = 283), 7.2% (n = 109), and 2.8% (n = 43), respectively. However, permanent facial weakness, hearing deficit, and lower cranial nerve palsies such as hoarseness and dysphagia were encountered in 1.2% (n = 18), 2.1% (n = 32), and 0.1% (n = 2), respectively. The more immediate and severe the facial palsy was, the more permanent it remained, with statistical significance (P < .05). There was a trend that the more immediate and severe the hearing deficit was, the more permanent the deficit remained, without statistical significance (P = .673). Early (occurrence within 24 hours after operation) and severe cranial nerve deficits, including facial, hearing, and lower cranial nerve deficits after MVD, entail the risk to stay permanent.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Pacini
                Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
                Pacini Editore SRL
                0392-100X
                1827-675X
                June 2016
                : 36
                : 3
                : 220-227
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Aix Marseille Université, IFSSTA R, LBA, UMR-T 24, Marseille, France;
                [2 ]APHM, Hôpital de la Conception, Service d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale, Marseille, France;
                [3 ]Hôpital Saint Musse, Service d'Otorhino- laryngologie et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale, Toulon, France;
                [4 ]Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, IRD, UMR912 SESSTIM, Marseille, France;
                [5 ]APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, BiosTIC, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication, Marseille, France; * M.M. and V.R. contributed equally
                Author notes
                Marion Montava, Hôpital de la Conception, Service d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Chirurgie cervicofaciale, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France. Tel. +33 491 435 520. Fax +33 491 435 419. E-mail: marion.montava@ 123456aphm.fr
                [*]

                M.M. and V.R. contributed equally.

                Article
                Pacini
                10.14639/0392-100X-899
                4977010
                27214834
                b6034f56-d4f4-4a4b-8b26-a26e88fdb3f6
                © Copyright by Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, Rome, Italy

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way. For details, please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

                History
                : 28 November 2015
                : 02 December 2015
                Categories
                Otology

                Otolaryngology
                hemifacial spasm,hfs-8 score,microvascular decompression,neurovascular conflict,quality of life

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