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      Substituiçăo local de ammophila arenaria por medicago marina em dunas frontais após pisoteio Translated title: Local replacement of ammophila arenaria by medicago marina after foredune trampling disturbance

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          Abstract

          O pisoteio é um dos principais fatores de perturbaçăo da duna frontal, originando uma rede de caminhos e clareiras no meio da vegetaçăo densa, por eliminaçăo de plantas vulneráveis como Ammophila arenaria. Em comunidades vegetais năo perturbadas, ŕ medida que A. arenaria se torna dominante, a coexistęncia de outras espécies é inibida, tanto pela sua estratégia de crescimento em falange, como pela diminuiçăo da mobilidade da areia junto ŕ superfície. Porém, a dominância desta perene, responsável pelo crescimento em altura da duna, pode ser localmente invertida após o cessar do pisoteio. Dados recolhidos em tręs áreas de estudo no litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia em 2006, tręs anos após a primeira grande intervençăo da Câmara Municipal no ordenamento dos acessos ŕ praia através das dunas, sugerem que a súbita abundância de Medicago marina se relacionará com a maior disponibilidade de locais adequados ao seu recrutamento, na sequęncia da morte de indivíduos de A. arenaria. Ao estabilizar eficazmente a areia de caminhos e clareiras de perturbaçăo, M. marina cria condiçőes para a colonizaçăo de variadas espécies anuais e modifica de forma significativa o gradiente de mobilidade e deposiçăo da areia na duna frontal.

          Translated abstract

          Remplacement local d'ammophila arenaria par medicago marina, apres perturbation par pietinement de la dune frontale. Le piétinement humain est une des principales causes de perturbation des dunes frontales. Il est provoqué par le développement de réseaux de pistes et de clairičres dans la dense végétation colonisatrice, par élimination des plantes fragiles, comme Ammophila arenaria. Dans les communautés végétales non perturbées, dčs que A. arenaria devient dominante, elle inhibe la coexistence des autres espčces, en raison de sa stratégie de croissance en phalange et par diminution de la mobilité du sable en surface. Toutefois, la domination de cette plante, responsable de la croissance dunaire en hauteur, peut ętre localement stoppée par l'arręt du piétinement. Les données recueillies dans trois zones d'échantillonnage sur le littoral de Vila Nova de Gaia, en 2006, trois ans aprčs une efficace intervention de la municipalité afin d'aménager et de gérer les accčs ŕ la plage ŕ travers les dunes, suggčrent que l'abondance soudaine de Medicago marina est liée ŕ la réapparition d'emplacements favorables, ŕ cause de la mort des pieds d'A. arenaria. En agissant comme un stabilisateur puissant du sable des pistes et clairičres, M. marina crée les conditions favorables ŕ la colonisation de plusieurs espčces annuelles et modifie de maničre significative le gradient de mobilité et de déposition du sable dans la dune frontale.

          Translated abstract

          Local replacement of Ammophila arenaria by Medicago marina after Foredune Trampling Disturbance. Human trampling is amongst the major causes of foredune disturbance. It creates a diffuse path network and the opening of bare-ground clearings within dense vegetation patches as a result of plant removal, namely of Ammophila arenaria. In undisturbed plant communities A. arenaria becomes dominant, and strongly inhibits the co-existence of other species, due to its phalanx growth strategy and by decreasing sand mobility near the surface. However, the dominance of this dune-builder may be locally reversed after trampling disturbance. Data gathered in three foredune-sites at Vila Nova de Gaia during 2006, three years after a major intervention by the Municipality to manage beach access through the dunes, suggest that a higher abundance of Medicago marina is linked to an increased availability of recruitment sites, due to death of A. arenaria individuals. Acting as a powerful sand stabiliser, M. marina creates favourable conditions for annual species colonization of paths and gaps, significantly changing sand movement and deposition along the foredune gradient.

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          Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects

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            Ecology: the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance,

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              Are plant populations seed limited? A critique and meta-analysis of seed addition experiments.

              We examine the relative importance of processes that underlie plant population abundance and distribution. Two opposing views dominate the field. One posits that the ability to establish at a site is determined by the availability of suitable microsites (establishment limitation), while the second asserts that recruitment is limited by the availability of seeds (seed limitation). An underlying problem is that establishment and seed limitation are typically viewed as mutually exclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of seed addition experiments to assess the relative strength of establishment and seed limitation to seedling recruitment. We asked (1) To what degree are populations seed and establishment limited? (2) Under what conditions (e.g., habitats and life-history traits) are species more or less limited by each? (3) How can seed addition studies be better designed to enhance our understanding of plant recruitment? We found that, in keeping with previous studies, most species are seed limited. However, the effects of seed addition are typically small, and most added seeds fail to recruit to the seedling stage. As a result, establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation. Seed limitation was greater for large-seeded species, species in disturbed microsites, and species with relatively short-lived seed banks. Most seed addition experiments cannot assess the relationship between number of seeds added and number of subsequent recruits. This shortcoming can be overcome by increasing the number and range of seed addition treatments.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fin
                Finisterra - Revista Portuguesa de Geografia
                Finisterra
                Centro de Estudos Geográficos (Lisboa )
                0430-5027
                June 2013
                : 0
                : 95
                : 61-81
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Minho
                [2 ] Universidade de Lisboa
                [3 ] Universidade de Lisboa
                Article
                S0430-50272013000100005
                b6079dda-b99c-48f9-890f-6bf75c59b414

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0430-5027&lng=en
                Categories
                GEOGRAPHY

                Geography
                dune frontale,perturbation,piétinement,dynamique des communautés,filtres environnementaux,Biogeomorphology,foredunes,disturbance,trampling,community dynamics,environmental filters,Biogeomorfologia,duna frontal,perturbaçăo,pisoteio,dinâmica de comunidades,Biogéomorphologie,filtros ambientais

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