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      Síndrome Urémico-Hemolítico por E. Coli Entero-Hemorrágica 0157:H7 Stx2: Primer Caso Descrito en Paraguay Translated title: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Caused by Shiga Toxin type 2 Produced by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7: First Case Described in Paraguay

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          Abstract

          El síndrome urémico-hemolítico es un síndrome clínico que se caracteriza por la tríada diagnóstica de: anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Se presenta el caso de un lactante mayor de 2 años de edad que consultó por un episodio de diarrea muco-sanguinolenta. Al 5º día es internado por la tríada sintomática: anemia hemolítica, insuficiencia renal aguda y trombocitopenia, componentes del síndrome urémico hemolítico SUH (D+) típico, requirió transfusión de glóbulos rojos concentrados debido a la grave anemia hemolítica que presentó, mientras que la insuficiencia renal aguda y la trombocitopenia fueron de leve intensidad; ante la evolución favorable el niño fue dado de alta a las 48 hs. en buenas condiciones. El aislamiento en el coprocultivo dio positivo para la Escherichia coli O157:H7 Stx2 como causante del cuadro clínico, siendo el primer caso reportado en nuestro medio.

          Translated abstract

          Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by a diagnostic triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. We present the case of an infant over two years of age who presented with an episode of bloody flux. On day 5 the patient was hospitalized with the symptom triad of hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia, which are characteristic of hemolytic uremic syndrome with diarrhea (D+ HUS) requiring transfusion of red blood cell concentrate due to severe hemolytic anemia, while the acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia were of mild intensity. The child’s condition improved and he was discharged after 48 hours in good condition. The fecal culture was positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Stx2, a known causative agent of the syndrome, making this the first such case reported in Paraguay.

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          The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections.

          Children with gastrointestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 are at risk for the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Whether antibiotics alter this risk is unknown. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 71 children younger than 10 years of age who had diarrhea caused by E. coli O157:H7 to assess whether antibiotic treatment in these children affects the risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome and to assess the influence of confounding factors on this outcome. Estimates of relative risks were adjusted for possible confounding effects with the use of logistic-regression analysis. Among the 71 children, 9 (13 percent) received antibiotics and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome developed in 10 (14 percent). Five of these 10 children had received antibiotics. Factors significantly associated with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome were a higher initial white-cell count (relative risk, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.5), evaluation with stool culture soon after the onset of illness (relative risk, 0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.8), and treatment with antibiotics (relative risk, 14.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.9 to 70.7). The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the 9 children who received antibiotics and the 62 who did not receive antibiotics were similar. In a multivariate analysis that was adjusted for the initial white-cell count and the day of illness on which stool was obtained for culture, antibiotic administration remained a risk factor for the development of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (relative risk, 17.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.2 to 137). Antibiotic treatment of children with E. coli O157:H7 infection increases the risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
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            Hemolytic uremic syndrome.

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              Molecular characterization of a Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21 strain lacking eae responsible for a cluster of cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

              Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are a diverse group of organisms capable of causing severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Within the STEC family, certain strains appear to have greater virulence for humans. STEC strains carrying eae and belonging to serogroup O157 or O111 have been responsible for the vast majority of outbreaks of STEC disease reported to date. Here we describe a STEC O113:H21 strain lacking eae that was responsible for a cluster of three cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. This strain produces a single Stx2-related toxin and adheres efficiently to Henle 407 cells.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ped
                Pediatría (Asunción)
                Pediatr. (Asunción)
                Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatría (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                1683-9803
                August 2009
                : 36
                : 2
                : 127-132
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad del Norte orgdiv1Cátedra de Pediatría
                Article
                S1683-98032009000200006
                b60c3ed6-658e-4e9e-9463-8c5207564540

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Caso Clínico

                0157:H7,thrombocytopenia,Hemolytic anemia,Paraguay,0157:H7 Stx2,Escherichia coli,trombocitopenia,Anemia hemolítica,Shiga toxin type 2

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