<i>In vivo</i> techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism

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Abstract

Metabolic tests are vital to determine in vivo insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in preclinical models, usually rodents. Such tests include glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and glucose clamps. Although these tests are not standardized, there are general guidelines for their completion and analysis that are constantly being refined. In this review, we describe metabolic tests in rodents as well as factors to consider when designing and performing these tests.

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Most cited references 106

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Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

Vittorio Basevi (2014)

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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.

J D Tobin, R. Andrés, R DeFronzo (1979)

Methods for the quantification of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose (hyperglycemic clamp technique) and of tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic insulin clamp technique) are described. Hyperglycemic clamp technique. The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a priming infusion of glucose. The desired hyperglycemic plateau is subsequently maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the negative feedback principle. Because the plasma glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism. Under these conditions of constant hyperglycemia, the plasma insulin response is biphasic with an early burst of insulin release during the first 6 min followed by a gradually progressive increase in plasma insulin concentration. Euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at approximately 100 muU/ml by a prime-continuous infusion of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion using the negative feedback principle. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate equals glucose uptake by all the tissues in the body and is therefore a measure of tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin.

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Olfactory exposure to males, including men, causes stress and related analgesia in rodents.

Robert E Sorge, Loren J Martin, Kelsey A Isbester … (2014)

We found that exposure of mice and rats to male but not female experimenters produces pain inhibition. Male-related stimuli induced a robust physiological stress response that results in stress-induced analgesia. This effect could be replicated with T-shirts worn by men, bedding material from gonadally intact and unfamiliar male mammals, and presentation of compounds secreted from the human axilla. Experimenter sex can thus affect apparent baseline responses in behavioral testing.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Endocrinol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Endocrinol

Journal ID (hwp): JOE

Title: The Journal of Endocrinology

Publisher: Bioscientifica Ltd (Bristol )

ISSN (Print): 0022-0795

ISSN (Electronic): 1479-6805

Publication date (Electronic): 31 January 2024

Publication date (Electronic preprint): 10 January 2024

Publication date Collection: 01 March 2024

Volume: 260

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: e230308

Affiliations

[1 ]Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[2 ]Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[3 ]Department of Pharmacology , University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[4 ]Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[5 ]Banting & Best Diabetes Centre , Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[6 ]Department of Physiology , University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Author notes

Correspondence should be addressed to S Pereira: sandra.pereira@ 123456camh.ca

This paper forms part of a themed collection on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Guest Editors for this collection were Matthias Blüher, Stefan Bornstein and Martin Haluzík.

Author information

Sandra Pereira http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9223-4984

Article

Publisher ID: JOE-23-0308

DOI: 10.1530/JOE-23-0308

PMC ID: 10895285

PubMed ID: 38198372

SO-VID: b60f07c0-ae31-4f00-a050-577f32e1d951

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date received : 23 September 2023

Date accepted : 10 January 2024

Funding

Funded by: BD, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017412;

Funded by: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024;

Funded by: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100015070;

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Cited by 1

Protocol for the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to measure glucose kinetics in rats
Authors: Sandra Pereira, Margaret K. Hahn, Bailey Humber …

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In vivo techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism

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