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      The role of melatonin in polycystic ovary syndrome: A review

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          Abstract

          Background

          Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder, affecting approximately 20% of women within reproductive age. It is associated with hyperandrogenism, obesity, menstrual irregularity, and anovulatory infertility. Melatonin is the main pineal gland hormone involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. In recent years, it has been observed that a reduction in melatonin levels of follicular fluid exists in PCOS patients. Melatonin receptors in the ovary and intra-follicular fluid adjust sex steroid secretion at different phases of ovarian follicular maturation. Moreover, melatonin is a strong antioxidant and an effective free radical scavenger, which protects ovarian follicles during follicular maturation.

          Objective

          In this paper, we conducted a literature review and the summary of the current research on the role of melatonin in PCOS.

          Materials and Methods

          Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Reaxys were searched from their inception to October 2018 using the keywords “Melatonin” AND “Polycystic ovary syndrome” OR “PCOS.”

          Results

          Based on the data included in our review, it was found that the administration of melatonin can improve the oocyte and embryo quality in PCOS patients. It may also have beneficial effects in correcting the hormonal alterations in PCOS patients.

          Conclusion

          Since metabolic dysfunction is the major finding contributing to the initiation of PCOS, melatonin can hinder this process via its improving effects on metabolic functions.

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          Most cited references82

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          Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination.

          Annia Galano, Dun Tan, Russel Reiter (2011)
          Oxidative stress has been proven to be related to the onset of a large number of health disorders. This chemical stress is triggered by an excess of free radicals, which are generated in cells because of a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous processes. Therefore, finding strategies for efficiently detoxifying free radicals has become a subject of a great interest, from both an academic and practical points of view. Melatonin is a ubiquitous and versatile molecule that exhibits most of the desirable characteristics of a good antioxidant. The amount of data gathered so far regarding the protective action of melatonin against oxidative stress is overwhelming. However, rather little is known concerning the chemical mechanisms involved in this activity. This review summarizes the current progress in understanding the physicochemical insights related to the free radical-scavenging activity of melatonin. Thus far, there is a general agreement that electron transfer and hydrogen transfer are the main mechanisms involved in the reactions of melatonin with free radicals. However, the relative importance of other mechanisms is also analyzed. The chemical nature of the reacting free radical also has an influence on the relative importance of the different mechanisms of these reactions. Therefore, this point has also been discussed in detail in the current review. Based on the available data, it is concluded that melatonin efficiently protects against oxidative stress by a variety of mechanisms. Moreover, it is proposed that even though it has been referred to as the chemical expression of darkness, perhaps it could also be referred to as the chemical light of health. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
          Article 0 comments Cited 290 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus statement on evidence-based treatment of insomnia, parasomnias and circadian rhythm disorders.

            D. Nutt, H Selsick, C Idzikowski … (2010)
            Sleep disorders are common in the general population and even more so in clinical practice, yet are relatively poorly understood by doctors and other health care practitioners. These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines are designed to address this problem by providing an accessible up-to-date and evidence-based outline of the major issues, especially those relating to reliable diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A consensus meeting was held in London in May 2009. Those invited to attend included BAP members, representative clinicians with a strong interest in sleep disorders and recognized experts and advocates in the field, including a representative from mainland Europe and the USA. Presenters were asked to provide a review of the literature and identification of the standard of evidence in their area, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials where available, plus updates on current clinical practice. Each presentation was followed by discussion, aimed to reach consensus where the evidence and/or clinical experience was considered adequate or otherwise to flag the area as a direction for future research. A draft of the proceedings was then circulated to all participants for comment. Key subsequent publications were added by the writer and speakers at draft stage. All comments were incorporated as far as possible in the final document, which represents the views of all participants although the authors take final responsibility for the document.
            Article 0 comments Cited 124 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Prevalence of insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment.

              Catherine Marin DeUgarte, Ricardo Azziz, Alfred Bartolucci (2005)
              To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in a large population of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Prospective, case-control. University medical center. Two hundred seventy-one PCOS patients and 260 eumenorrheic, non-hirsute, control women. History and physical examination and blood sampling. Total T, free T, DHEAS, sex hormone-binding globulin, and fasting glucose and insulin levels; homeostatic model assessment values for IR (HOMA-IR) and percent beta-cell function (HOMA-%beta-cell). Patients with PCOS and controls differed significantly in all parameters studied, except fasting glucose. Because the HOMA-IR and HOMA-%beta-cell values were variably associated with race, age, and body mass index, the HOMA-IR and HOMA-%beta-cell values were then adjusted for these cofounders. After adjustment, 64.4% of PCOS patients were noted to be insulin resistant, and 2.6% had beta-cell dysfunction. Compared with PCOS patients without IR (n = 96), patients with IR (n = 174) were more obese and had higher beta-cell function. In patients with PCOS, the prevalence of IR was 64% according to the HOMA-IR measurement, after adjustment. Patients with IR were more clinically affected. Although IR is a common abnormality in PCOS, it does not seem to be a universal feature.
              Article 0 comments Cited 122 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJRM
                Title: International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine
                Publisher: Knowledge E
                ISSN (Print): 2476-4108
                ISSN (Electronic): 2476-3772
                Publication date Collection: December 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2019
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 865-882
                Affiliations
                1deptDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
                2deptDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
                3deptFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
                4deptStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
                5deptDepartment of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
                Author notes
                *Sina Mojaverrostami; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16 Azar St., Poursina St., Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1417933791 Tel: (+98) 21 64432348 Email: sinamojaver@gmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5789
                PMC ID: 6943797
                PubMed ID: 31970309
                SO-VID: b60f5490-4c66-4e65-9403-d95188e135cc
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 Mojaverrostami et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 12 February 2019
                Date revision received : 16 May 2019
                Date accepted : 20 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, References: 93, Pages: 18
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: hyperandrogenism, infertility, melatonin, pcos.
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hyperandrogenism, infertility, melatonin, pcos.

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