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      Revisiting two sympatric European seahorse species: apparent decline in the absence of exploitation : APPARENT DECLINES IN EUROPEAN SEAHORSES

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      Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Extinction vulnerability in marine populations

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            Marine Fish Population Collapses: Consequences for Recovery and Extinction Risk

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              Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae.

              This article analyses the pressures on seahorses and explores conservation responses. It focuses on seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) but also considers pipefishes and seadragons, especially where they can fill gaps in seahorse knowledge. The charisma of many syngnathids can make them good flagship species for threats and solutions in marine conservation. The article combines a synthesis of published literature with new data on the trade in seahorses for traditional medicine, aquarium display and curiosities. Most traded seahorses come from trawl by-catch, although seahorses are also targeted. The total extraction is large, tens of millions of animals annually, and unsustainable. A first review of the effect of habitat change on syngnathids raises many questions, while suggesting that some species may cope better than others. The combination of pressures means that many species of syngnathid are now included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species or national equivalents. In addition, seahorse exports from 175 countries are limited to sustainable levels under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora. Possible conservation measures include marine protected areas, fisheries management, select aquaculture ventures, trade regulation, improved governance (particularly) and consumer engagement. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology © 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
                Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.
                Wiley-Blackwell
                10527613
                June 2012
                June 26 2012
                : 22
                : 4
                : 427-435
                Article
                10.1002/aqc.2238
                b626c901-714a-4d26-92f3-3fad8549b354
                © 2012

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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