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      Advanced gas sensors based on substrate-integrated hollow waveguides and dual-color ring quantum cascade lasers

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          Abstract

          The first combination of a ring-shaped vertically emitting quantum cascade laser (riQCL) with a substrate-integrated hollow waveguide (iHWG) is presented.

          Abstract

          This study shows the first combination of a ring-shaped vertically emitting quantum cascade laser (riQCL) providing two distinct emission wavelengths combined with a substrate-integrated hollow waveguide (iHWG). This ultra-compact riQCL-iHWG gas sensing device enables the simultaneous detection of two vapor phase species – here, furan and 2-methoxyethanol – providing distinctive absorption features at the emission wavelengths of the riQCL ( i.e., 1144 and 1170 cm −1). Hence, multianalyte gas sensing via a unique mid-infrared (MIR) sensor concept is demonstrated.

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          Quantum cascade laser.

          J Faist, F Capasso, D. Sivco … (1994)
          A semiconductor injection laser that differs in a fundamental way from diode lasers has been demonstrated. It is built out of quantum semiconductor structures that were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and designed by band structure engineering. Electrons streaming down a potential staircase sequentially emit photons at the steps. The steps consist of coupled quantum wells in which population inversion between discrete conduction band excited states is achieved by control of tunneling. A strong narrowing of the emission spectrum, above threshold, provides direct evidence of laser action at a wavelength of 4.2 micrometers with peak powers in excess of 8 milliwatts in pulsed operation. In quantum cascade lasers, the wavelength, entirely determined by quantum confinement, can be tailored from the mid-infrared to the submillimeter wave region in the same heterostructure material.
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            Advances in Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis

            Julian Haas, Boris Mizaikoff (2016)
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              Waveguide-enhanced mid-infrared chem/bio sensors.

              Boris Mizaikoff (2013)
              Despite providing the opportunity for directly sensing molecular constituents with inherent fingerprint specificity in the 2.5-20 μm spectral regime, mid-infrared optical sensing technologies have not yet achieved the same penetration in waveguide-based chem/bio sensing compared to related sensing schemes operating at visible and near-infrared frequencies. In this review, current advances in mid-infrared chem/bio sensor technology will be highlighted and contrasted with the prevalent bottlenecks that have to date limited a more widespread adoption of mid-infrared sensing devices. However, with the increasing availability of advanced light sources such as quantum cascade lasers and the advent of on-chip semiconductor waveguide technologies, a prosperous future of this sensing concept for label-free detection in environmental analysis, process monitoring, and bioanalytics is perceived.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ANALAO
                Title: The Analyst
                Abbreviated Title: Analyst
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 0003-2654
                ISSN (Electronic): 1364-5528
                Publication date Created: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 2016
                Volume: 141
                Issue: 22
                Pages: 6202-6207
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
                [2 ]Ulm University
                [3 ]Germany
                [4 ]Institute of Solid State Electronics
                [5 ]TU Wien
                [6 ]Austria
                [7 ]Center for Micro- and Nanostructures
                [8 ]Austrian Academy of Sciences
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C6AN01130F
                PubMed ID: 27508281
                SO-VID: b65fa9c4-e8d4-497b-8fce-32e07214ad48
                Copyright © © 2016
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