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      Enucleación y evisceración: estudio de 370 casos. Resultados y complicaciones Translated title: Enucleation and evisceration: 370 cases review. Results and complications

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Describir el análisis del resultado quirúrgico de las enucleaciones o evisceraciones realizadas en 370 pacientes en nuestro centro durante 11 años (1990-2000). Se estudió el tipo de corrección realizada y las complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento quirúrgico. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que fueron sometidos a los procedimientos mencionados. El cirujano (FS) fue siempre el mismo. Se consideraron los datos demográficos, el diagnóstico, la cirugía ocular previa y asociada, las características de los implantes o injertos, el seguimiento y las complicaciones postoperatorias. Resultados: Se realizaron 161 enucleaciones y 209 evisceraciones. El 98,4% de estos procedimientos se asoció a la colocación de algún tipo de implante o injerto. Durante los primeros 6 años del estudio se colocaron injertos lipodérmicos en el 58,8% de las operaciones realizadas. En los últimos 5 años, el implante de hidroxiapatita constituyó el 90,9% de los casos intervenidos. En 39 de los 369 pacientes (10,6%) se observaron 58 complicaciones, las cuales requirieron algún tipo de cirugía. Conclusiones: Los implantes de hidroxiapatita consiguieron una excelente reconstrucción de la órbita anoftálmica, y mejoraron los resultados estéticos y de motilidad. En nuestro medio los injertos lipodérmicos siguen constituyendo una buena alternativa. Aunque se observaron algunas complicaciones con las diferentes técnicas, muy pocos casos requirieron una nueva intervención quirúrgica.

          Translated abstract

          Purpose: To analyze the surgical results in 370 patients who underwent enucleation or evisceration at our center, during a period of 11 years (1990-2000), determining the kind of correction used and the complications associated with the procedure. Methods: This was a retrospective study of medical records from all patients who underwent surgery by the same surgeon (FS) in the Oculoplastic Department. Demographic data, diagnosis, previous and associated ophthalmic surgeries, implant or graft characteristics, follow up period and postoperative complications were determined in all patients. Results: One hundred sixty-one enucleations and 209 eviscerations were performed. Some kind of implant or graft was associated with 98.4% of these procedures. During the first 6 years of the study, lipodermal grafts were performed in 58.8% of the total, while in the last 5 years hydroxyapatite implants were performed in 90.9% of the cases. In 39 (10.6%) of 369 patients with registered follow up data, 58 complications requiring surgical correction were observed. Conclusions: Hydroxyapatite implants gave an excellent anophthalmic socket reconstruction, and improved esthetic and motility results. Lipodermal grafts were an excellent alternative in our environment. We observed some complications with the different techniques, but only a few required surgical correction.

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          Most cited references40

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          Enucleation versus evisceration.

          M Migliori (2002)
          Removal of the eye may be necessary after severe ocular trauma, to control pain in a blind eye, to treat some intraocular malignancies, in endophthalmitis unresponsive to medical therapy, and for cosmetic improvement of a disfigured eye. The choice of procedure to accomplish this is best made by an informed patient. Enucleation and evisceration can each achieve the desired goals, but several factors must be considered in choosing the most appropriate procedure.
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            Current trends in managing the anophthalmic socket after primary enucleation and evisceration.

            To evaluate current trends in the management of the anophthalmic socket after primary enucleation and evisceration. The active membership of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) was surveyed regarding primary enucleations and eviscerations performed between January and December 2002. Survey questions included practice demographics, orbital implant use, wrapping materials, placement of a motility peg, reasons for implant choice, and complications encountered. A total of 2,779 primary orbital implants were reported, comprising 1,919 (69.1%) enucleations and 860 (30.9%) eviscerations. The high-density porous polyethylene implant was used most frequently for enucleations (42.7%), followed by coralline hydroxyapatite (27.3%) and nonporous alloplastic implants (19.9%). For eviscerations, the high-density porous polyethylene implant was the most commonly used implant (42.3%), followed by hydroxyapatite (25.9%) and nonporous alloplastic implants (25.7%). The top 3 reasons for implant choice were outcome (69.3%), cost (43.6%), and experience (39.5%). Most implants were either not wrapped (59.8%) or were wrapped in donor sclera (25.2%) or polyglactin mesh (7.2%). Pegs were used in 8.1% of all implants reported. The most frequent complications encountered for unpegged implants were exposure (3.2%) and infection (0.4%). For pegged implants, the most common complications reported were pyogenic granuloma (13.7%), exposure (5.7%), and discharge (5.7%). In managing the anophthalmic socket, ASOPRS survey respondents preferred to use the porous polyethylene implant after primary enucleation and evisceration. Most orbital implants were not wrapped, and most surgeons preferred not to place a motility post or peg in the implant.
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              Problems with the hydroxyapatite orbital implant: experience with 250 consecutive cases.

              The coral derived hydroxyapatite sphere is a popular, integrated orbital implant designed to provide improved motility of the ocular prosthesis following enucleation. Although the implant has rapidly become widely used by ophthalmologists, little information is available regarding the problems of this technique in a large series of cases. Experience with 250 consecutive cases of hydroxyapatite orbital implant use was reviewed and the problems of the implants and their management investigated specifically. The reasons for enucleation included uveal melanoma (157 cases), retinoblastoma (70 cases), blind painful eye (22 cases), and intraocular medulloepithelioma (one case). Earlier treatment to the eye was performed before enucleation in 47 cases and included repair of ruptured globe (17 cases), plaque radiotherapy (18 cases), external beam radiotherapy (six cases), and others (six cases). During a mean of 23 months' follow up (range 6-40 months), there have been no recognisable cases of orbital haemorrhage related to the implant, and no cases of implant extrusion or implant migration. There was one case of presumed orbital infection (culture negative) that resolved with intravenous antibiotics and the implant was retained within the orbit. Other problems included conjunctival thinning in eight cases managed by observation and prosthesis adjustment, and conjunctival erosion in four cases managed by combinations of scleral patch graft, conjunctival flap, and prosthesis adjustment. The conjunctival erosion was caused by a poorly fitting prosthesis in three cases and wound dehiscence in one case. The problem rate in eyes receiving prior radiotherapy or surgery was not increased. The hydroxyapatite integrated orbital implant is a well tolerated motility implant without the high rate of extrusion and infection seen with other motility implants. The prosthesis fit may contribute to the tolerance of the implant.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aseo
                Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología
                Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol
                Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (, , Spain )
                0365-6691
                August 2007
                : 82
                : 8
                : 495-499
                Affiliations
                [01] Bogotá orgnameInstituto Barraquer de América orgdiv1Escuela Superior de Oftalmología Colombia
                Article
                S0365-66912007000800008
                10.4321/s0365-66912007000800008
                b666d94e-c93a-4cae-87e9-741a40eb52c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 May 2006
                : 19 June 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                enucleación,evisceración,órbita anoftálmica,implantes,hidroxiapatita,injerto lipodérmico,enucleation,evisceration,anophthalmic cavity,implants,hydroxyapatite,lipodermal graft

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