9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Producción de radicales hidroxilo en sangre en pacientes ancianos hipertensos

      research-article

      Read this article at

          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          En el complejo y multicausal proceso que lleva a la hipertensión esencial, los radicales libres parecen jugar un papel clave, particularmente en la regulación local del lecho capilar. Además de la producción de ion superóxido en la célula endotelial, existen otros factores de producción de radicales libres, especialmente el radical hidroxilo, aun cuando la hipertensión esté medicada y clínicamente controlada. Dado que si bien se han estudiado las defensas antioxidantes no se ha abordado todavía la generación de radicales libres en sangre en pacientes hipertensos, en el presente trabajo se estudió la producción del radical hidroxilo en sangre total en pacientes hipertensos controlados, mayores de 65 años, sin otra enfermedad y se compararon los niveles obtenidos con individuos de las mismas características, algunos de ellos hipertensos, que participaban en un programa de ejercicio y controlaban su dieta desde el punto de vista calórico. La producción del radical hidroxilo se determinó por la hidroxilación del salicilato, determinando la concentración del derivado 2,3 di-hidroxibenzoico (2,3-DHBA) por técnicas de cromatografía líquida de alta performance con detección electroquímica. Las concentraciones de 2,3-DHBA luego de la interacción de la sangre con la molécula de salicilato en tubo fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes hipertensos que en los individuos controles. En los individuos hipertensos que realizaban ejercicios se observó una tendencia a una menor producción de radicales hidroxilo. De acuerdo con estos datos, la hipertensión esencial, aun medicada, se acompañaría de una producción elevada de radicales hidroxilo por los elementos formes de la sangre, que el ejercicio y la dieta tienden a disminuir. Aunque no podemos hablar de estrés oxidativo ya que no se determinó el estado de las defensas antioxidantes, es probable que estos radicales, si no son neutralizados, contribuyan a la enfermedad vascular que se observa en la hipertensión esencial. Estos resultados se ubicarían en la línea de investigación que propende a un control activo de la producción radicalaria aumentada en la hipertensión, además de la medicación antihipertensiva.

          Translated abstract

          Résumé Dans le complexe processus qui mène à l'hypertension essentielle, les radicaux libres semblent jouer un rôle important, surtout en ce qui concerne la régulation locale du lit capillaire. A part la production d'ion superoxyde dans la cellule endothéliale, il existe d'autres facteurs de production de radicaux libres, particulièrement le radical hydroxyle, même si la tension est cliniquement contrôlée. Bien qu'on ait déjà étudié les défenses antioxydantes, on n'a pas encore abordé la génération de radicaux libres en sang chez des patients hypertendus. Dans ce travail, on analyse la production du radical hydroxyle en sang total chez des patients hypertendus contrôlés, âgés de plus de 65 ans, sans autre pathologie et on a comparé les niveaux obtenus avec des individus de mêmes caractéristques, quelques-uns hypertendus, qui participaient à un programme d'exercice et qui contrôlaient leur alimentation du point de vue calorique. La production du radical hydroxyle a été déterminé par l'hydroxylation du salicylate, tout en déterminant la concentration du dérivé 2,3 di-hydroxybenzoique (2,3-DHBA) par des techniques de Chromatographie Liquide de haute Performance avec Détection Électrochimique. Les concentartions de 2,3-DHBA après interaction du sang avec la mollécule de salicylate ont été remarquable-ment plus élevées chez les patients hypertendus que chez les individus contròles. Chez les individus hypertendus qui faisaient des exercices on a observé une tendance à une production moins grande de radicaux hydroxyle. Selon ces données, l'hypertension essentielle, même traitée avec des médicaments, serait accompagnée d'une production élevée de radicaux hydroxyle par les éléments formes du sang, que l'exercice physique et la diète peuvent diminuer. Quoiqu'on ne puisse pas parler de stress oxydatif, car on n'a pas déterminé l'état des défenses antioxydantes, il est probable que ces radicaux, s'ils ne sont pas neutralisés, contribuent à la pathologie vasculaire qu'on observe à l'hypertension essentielle. Ces résultats se situeraient dans la ligne de recherche qui mène à un contrôle actif de la production radicalaire augmentée à l'hypertension, en plus des médicaments hypotenseurs.

          Translated abstract

          Summary Free radicals seem to play an important role in the complex and multicausal process that leads to essential hypertension, particularly in the local regulation of capillary bed. Apart from the superoxide ion production in endothelial cells there are other factors that produce free radicals, specially hydroxyl radical, even when hypertension is treated with drugs and clinically controlled. Hydroxil radical production was study in patients with controlled hypertension and no other pathology, older than 65 years. Results were compared to a group of people with similar characteristics, some with hypertension, who were in an exercise and caloric-controlled program. Hydroxil radical production was determined by salicylate hydroxylation; derivative 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic (2,3-DHBA) by Liquid Chromatography of High Performance with Electrochemical Detection techniques. Levels of 2,3-DHBA after the interaction between plasma and salicylate molecules were significantly higher in patients with hypertension compared to control group. Patients with hypertension and under the exercise program showed a trend to decrease hydroxyl radical production. According to these facts, essential hypertension, even under treatment, is accompanied by a higher hydroxyl radical production that exercise and diet tend to diminish. Although we are not able to talk in terms of oxidative stress since antioxidant banners were not determined, hydroxyl radicals, if not neutralized, are involved in the vascular pathology observed in essential hypertension. The results support the idea to control radical production, increased in hypertension, as well as prescribing antihypertensive pharmacological treatment.

          Related collections

          Most cited references68

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Role of oxygen free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischemia.

          Even though oxygen is necessary for aerobic life, it can also participate in potentially toxic reactions involving oxygen free radicals and transition metals such as Fe that damage membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxygen free radical reactions and oxidative damage are in most cases held in check by antioxidant defense mechanisms, but where an excessive amount of oxygen free radicals are produced or defense mechanisms are impaired, oxidative damage may occur and this appears to be important in contributing to several pathological conditions including aging, carcinogenesis, and stroke. Several newer methods, such as in vivo spin-trapping, have become available to monitor oxygen free radical flux and quantitate oxidative damage. Using a combination of these newer methods collectively focused on one model, recent results show that oxidative damage plays a key role in brain injury that occurs in stroke. Subtle changes, such as oxidative damage-induced loss of glutamine synthetase activity, may be a key event in stroke-induced brain injury. Oxygen free radicals may play a key role in carcinogenesis by mediating formation of base adducts, such as 8-hydroxyguanine, which can now be quantitated to very low levels. Evidence is presented that a new class of free radical blocking agents, nitrone spin-traps, may help not only to clarify if free radical events are involved, but may help prevent the development of injury in certain pathological conditions.
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Does superoxide underlie the pathogenesis of hypertension?

            Although active oxygen species play important roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, the molecular mechanism for oxygen toxicity in vascular diseases remains to be elucidated. Since endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is inactivated by superoxide radicals in vitro, oxidative stress in and around vascular endothelial cells may affect the circulatory status of animals. To study the role of superoxide radicals and related enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), in vascular diseases, we have developed a fusion protein (HB-SOD) consisting of human Cu/Zn-type SOD and a C-terminal basic peptide with high affinity for heparan sulfate on endothelial cells. When injected intravenously, HB-SOD bound to vascular endothelial cells, underwent transcellular transport, and localized within vascular walls by a heparin-inhibitable mechanism. The blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) but not normal animals was decreased significantly by HB-SOD. Heparin inhibited the depressor effect of HB-SOD. In contrast, native SOD had no effect on blood pressure of either SHR or normal rats. Neither H2O2-inactivated HB-SOD nor the C-terminal heparin-binding peptide showed such a depressor effect, suggesting that the catalytic function of HB-SOD is responsible for its depressor action. To know the source of superoxide radicals, we determined xanthine oxidase activity in the aorta and uric acid levels in the plasma. Although no appreciable difference in xanthine oxidase activity was found between the two animal groups, uric acid levels were significantly higher in SHR than in normal rats. Oxypurinol, a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, also decreased the blood pressure of SHR but not of normal rats. These findings indicate that superoxide radicals in and around vascular endothelial cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension of SHR.
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Induction of oxidative stress by glutathione depletion causes severe hypertension in normal rats.

              Several recent studies have shown that certain forms of genetic or acquired hypertension are associated with oxidative stress and that animals with those types of hypertension respond favorably to antioxidant therapy. We hypothesize that oxidative stress may cause hypertension via (among other mechanisms) enhanced oxidation and inactivation of nitric oxide (NO). To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to oxidative stress by glutathione (GSH) depletion by means of the GSH synthase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 30 mmol/L in drinking water) for 2 weeks. The control group was given drug-free drinking water. In parallel experiments, subgroups of animals were provided vitamin E-fortified chow and vitamin C-supplemented drinking water. The BSO-treated group showed a 3-fold decrease in tissue GSH content, a marked elevation in blood pressure, and a significant reduction in the urinary excretion of the NO metabolite nitrate plus nitrite, which suggests depressed NO availability. These characteristics were associated with a significant accumulation in various tissues of nitrotyrosine, which is the footprint of NO inactivation by reactive oxygen species. Administration of vitamin E plus vitamin C ameliorated hypertension, improved urinary nitrate-plus-nitrite excretion, and mitigated nitrotyrosine accumulation (despite GSH depletion) in the BSO-treated animals but had no effect in the control group. In conclusion, GSH depletion resulted in perturbation of the NO system and severe hypertension in normal animals. The effects of BSO were mitigated by concomitant antioxidant therapy despite GSH depletion, which supports the notion that oxidative stress was involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in this model.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmu
                Revista Médica del Uruguay
                Rev. Méd. Urug.
                Sindicato Médico del Uruguay (Montevideo )
                1688-0390
                March 2004
                : 20
                : 1
                : 12-18
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
                [2 ] Facultad de Medicina Uruguay
                Article
                S1688-03902004000100003
                b666e147-90d8-4ae4-a187-2c761eef8401

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1688-0390&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                MEDICINE, LEGAL
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
                ONCOLOGY
                SURGERY

                Oncology & Radiotherapy,Social law,Medicine,Surgery,Clinical chemistry,Internal medicine
                RADICAL HIDROXILO,ANCIANO,HIPERTENSION

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                Related Documents Log