70
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Pathogens protection against the action of disinfectants in multispecies biofilms

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Biofilms constitute the prevalent way of life for microorganisms in both natural and man-made environments. Biofilm-dwelling cells display greater tolerance to antimicrobial agents than those that are free-living, and the mechanisms by which this occurs have been investigated extensively using single-strain axenic models. However, there is growing evidence that interspecies interactions may profoundly alter the response of the community to such toxic exposure. In this paper, we propose an overview of the studies dealing with multispecies biofilms resistance to biocides, with particular reference to the protection of pathogenic species by resident surface flora when subjected to disinfectants treatments. The mechanisms involved in such protection include interspecies signaling, interference between biocides molecules and public goods in the matrix, or the physiology and genetic plasticity associated with a structural spatial arrangement. After describing these different mechanisms, we will discuss the experimental methods available for their analysis in the context of complex multispecies biofilms.

          Related collections

          Most cited references148

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Microbial biofilms.

          Direct observations have clearly shown that biofilm bacteria predominate, numerically and metabolically, in virtually all nutrient-sufficient ecosystems. Therefore, these sessile organisms predominate in most of the environmental, industrial, and medical problems and processes of interest to microbiologists. If biofilm bacteria were simply planktonic cells that had adhered to a surface, this revelation would be unimportant, but they are demonstrably and profoundly different. We first noted that biofilm cells are at least 500 times more resistant to antibacterial agents. Now we have discovered that adhesion triggers the expression of a sigma factor that derepresses a large number of genes so that biofilm cells are clearly phenotypically distinct from their planktonic counterparts. Each biofilm bacterium lives in a customized microniche in a complex microbial community that has primitive homeostasis, a primitive circulatory system, and metabolic cooperativity, and each of these sessile cells reacts to its special environment so that it differs fundamentally from a planktonic cell of the same species.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Physiological heterogeneity in biofilms.

            Biofilms contain bacterial cells that are in a wide range of physiological states. Within a biofilm population, cells with diverse genotypes and phenotypes that express distinct metabolic pathways, stress responses and other specific biological activities are juxtaposed. The mechanisms that contribute to this genetic and physiological heterogeneity include microscale chemical gradients, adaptation to local environmental conditions, stochastic gene expression and the genotypic variation that occurs through mutation and selection. Here, we discuss the processes that generate chemical gradients in biofilms, the genetic and physiological responses of the bacteria as they adapt to these gradients and the techniques that can be used to visualize and measure the microscale physiological heterogeneities of bacteria in biofilms.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Biofilms: the matrix revisited.

              Microbes often construct and live within surface-associated multicellular communities known as biofilms. The precise structure, chemistry and physiology of the biofilm all vary with the nature of its resident microbes and local environment. However, an important commonality among biofilms is that their structural integrity critically depends upon an extracellular matrix produced by their constituent cells. Extracellular matrices might be as diverse as biofilms, and they contribute significantly to the organization of the community. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the extracellular matrix and its role in biofilm biology.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Microbiol
                Front Microbiol
                Front. Microbiol.
                Frontiers in Microbiology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-302X
                14 July 2015
                2015
                : 6
                : 705
                Affiliations
                [1] 1INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas France
                [2] 2AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas France
                [3] 3Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University de Madrid Madrid, Spain
                [4] 4CNRS, Jouy-en-Josas France
                Author notes

                Edited by: Lorenzo Morelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy

                Reviewed by: Leda Giannuzzi, University of La Plata, CONICET, Argentina; Ilkin Yucel Sengun, Ege University, Turkey

                *Correspondence: Romain Briandet, INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, romain.briandet@ 123456jouy.inra.fr

                This article was submitted to Food Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology

                Article
                10.3389/fmicb.2015.00705
                4500986
                26236291
                b6676e47-9588-4a45-95b7-6579945a79b0
                Copyright © 2015 Sanchez-Vizuete, Orgaz, Aymerich, Le Coq and Briandet.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 23 March 2015
                : 26 June 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 177, Pages: 12, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: INRA
                Funded by: Ile-de-France Regional Council
                Funded by: French NationalResearchAgency
                Award ID: ANR-12-ALID-0006
                Funded by: European FP7-SUSCLEAN
                Funded by: INRA MIMA2
                Categories
                Microbiology
                Review

                Microbiology & Virology
                multispecies biofilm,disinfectants,bacterial pathogens,protection,interspecies interactions

                Comments

                Comment on this article