The first 2019 novel coronavirus case in Nepal

Abstract

In January, 2020, the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China spread progressively to other countries,1, 2 with WHO declaring it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. 3 Among the affected countries beyond China (where 12 307 cases and 259 deaths were reported as of Feb 1, 2020) are others in Asia, including Nepal. 4 On Jan 13, 2020, a 32-year-old man, a Nepalese student at Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China, with no history of comorbidities, returned to Nepal. He presented at the outpatient department of Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu, with a cough. He had become ill on Jan 3, 6 days before he flew to Nepal. He indicated no exposure to the so-called wet market in Wuhan. Throat swabs obtained from the patient tested positive for 2019-nCoV on real-time RT-PCR assays at the WHO laboratory in Hong Kong. On admission to hospital in Kathmandu, his temperature was 37·2°C (99°F), with throat congestion, but with no other relevant signs or symptoms. He was isolated and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive therapies. After 6 h, he complained of mild breathing difficulty and had decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2 87% on room air). Chest radiographs obtained on admission showed an infiltrate in the upper lobe of the left lung (figure ). On Jan 14, his temperature rose to 38·9°C (102°F) and the next day he had breathing difficulties while in the supine position, with crepitations in the right lower lung field. His fever was no longer present on Jan 16, and his clinical condition improved. He was discharged the next day and instructed to self-quarantine at home. Laboratory tests showed no abnormalities. Real-time RT-PCR assays for influenza A and B viruses, and NS1 antigen rapid tests for dengue viruses, scrub typhus, and Brucella spp were negative. Follow-up assessments on Jan 29 and Jan 31 gave an RT-PCR negative throat swab for 2019-nCoV. Informed consent was obtained from the patient to be included in this Correspondence. Figure Initial radiograph of the patient Compared with other recently reported cases, which included rapid worsening and even progression to death,1, 2, 5, 6 our patient had only mild disease and survived and recovered after 13 days. A previous importation of 2019-nCoV in a family cluster in Vietnam included a father returning from Wuhan who transmitted the virus to his wife and son. They all recovered in less than 2 weeks. 5 In two cohorts in China (n=41, n=99), the case fatality rates were 15% 1 and 11%. 7 Some reports have indicated that few patients with 2019-nCoV infection have prominent upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms (eg, sore throat),1, 7 as occurred with the Nepalese student. As expected, fever and cough are the main clinical findings in patients with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, with up to a quarter requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Further studies in outpatient, primary care, and community settings are needed to get a full spectrum of clinical severity in imported, secondary, or autochthonous cases in all countries. These studies will be increasingly relevant as more cases of 2019-nCoV are diagnosed among people returning from Wuhan and other affected cities in China, but also among those who have acquired the infection from imported cases, even asymptomatic ones, as occurred in Germany. 8