Measurements and Monte Carlo calculation of radial dose and anisotropy functions of BEBIG  60 Co high-dose-rate brachytherapy source in a bounded water phantom

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Abstract

Purpose

The study compared the experimentally measured radial dose function, g( r), and anisotropy function, F( r,θ), of a BEBIG ⁶⁰Co (Co0.A86) high-dose-rate (HDR) source in an in-house designed water phantom with egs_brachy Monte Carlo (MC) calculated values. MC results available in the literature were only for unbounded phantoms, and there are no currently published data in the literature for experimental data compared to MC calculations for a bounded phantom.

Material and methods

egs_brachy is a fast EGSnrc application designed for brachytherapy applications. For unbounded phantom calculation, we considered a cylindrical phantom with a length and diameter of 80 cm and used liquid water. These egs_brachy calculated TG43U1 parameters were compared with the consensus data. Upon its validation, we experimentally measured g( r) and F( r,θ) in a precisely machined 30 × 30 × 30 cm ³ water phantom using TLD-100 and EBT2 Gafchromic Film and compared it with the egs_brachy results of the same geometry.

Results

The TG43U1 dosimetric dataset calculated using egs_brachy was compared with published data for an unbounded phantom, and found to be in good agreement within 2%. From our experimental results of g( r) and F( r,θ), the observed variation with the egs_brachy code calculation is found to be within the acceptable experimental uncertainties of 3%.

Conclusions

In this study, we validated the egs_brachy calculation of the TG43U1 dataset for the BEBIG ⁶⁰Co source for an unbounded geometry. Subsequently, we measured the g( r) and F( r,θ) for the same source using an in-house water phantom. In addition, we validated these experimental results with the values calculated using the egs_brachy MC code, with the same geometry and similar phantom material as used in the experimental methods.

Related collections

Most cited references 28

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Dose calculation for photon-emitting brachytherapy sources with average energy higher than 50 keV: report of the AAPM and ESTRO.

Jeffrey Williamson, José Martín, Swadesh K. Das … (2012)

Recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) on dose calculations for high-energy (average energy higher than 50 keV) photon-emitting brachytherapy sources are presented, including the physical characteristics of specific (192)Ir, (137)Cs, and (60)Co source models. This report has been prepared by the High Energy Brachytherapy Source Dosimetry (HEBD) Working Group. This report includes considerations in the application of the TG-43U1 formalism to high-energy photon-emitting sources with particular attention to phantom size effects, interpolation accuracy dependence on dose calculation grid size, and dosimetry parameter dependence on source active length. Consensus datasets for commercially available high-energy photon sources are provided, along with recommended methods for evaluating these datasets. Recommendations on dosimetry characterization methods, mainly using experimental procedures and Monte Carlo, are established and discussed. Also included are methodological recommendations on detector choice, detector energy response characterization and phantom materials, and measurement specification methodology. Uncertainty analyses are discussed and recommendations for high-energy sources without consensus datasets are given. Recommended consensus datasets for high-energy sources have been derived for sources that were commercially available as of January 2010. Data are presented according to the AAPM TG-43U1 formalism, with modified interpolation and extrapolation techniques of the AAPM TG-43U1S1 report for the 2D anisotropy function and radial dose function.

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Energy dependence and dose response of Gafchromic EBT2 film over a wide range of photon, electron, and proton beam energies.

Bijan Arjomandy, A. Anand, Ramesh Tailor … (2010)

Since the Gafchromic film EBT has been recently replaced by the newer model EBT2, its characterization, especially energy dependence, has become critically important. The energy dependence of the dose response of Gafchromic EBT2 film is evaluated for a broad range of energies from different radiation sources used in radiation therapy. The beams used for this study comprised of kilovoltage x rays (75, 125, and 250 kVp), 137Cs gamma (662 KeV), 60Co gamma (1.17-1.33 MeV), megavoltage x rays (6 and 18 MV), electron beams (6 and 20 MeV), and proton beams (100 and 250 MeV). The film's response to each of the above energies was measured over the dose range of 0.4-10 Gy, which corresponds to optical densities ranging from 0.05 to 0.74 for the film reader used. The energy dependence of EBT2 was found to be relatively small within measurement uncertainties (1 sigma = +/- 4.5%) for all energies and modalities. For relative and absolute dosimetry of radiation therapy beams, the weak energy dependence of the EBT2 makes it most suitable for clinical use compared to other films.

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Technical note: Dosimetric study of a new Co-60 source used in brachytherapy.

Oscar Ballester, D Granero, J. Martinez Calatayud (2007)

The purpose of this study is to obtain the dosimetric parameters of a new Co-60 source used in high dose rate brachytherapy and manufactured by BEBIG (Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG GmbH, Germany). The Monte Carlo method has been used to obtain the dose rate distribution in the updated TG-43U1 formalism of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. In addition, to aid the quality control process on treatment planning systems (TPS), a two-dimensional rectangular dose rate table, coherent with the TG-43U1 dose calculation formalism, is given. These dosimetric data sets can be used as input data of the TPS calculations and to validate them.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Contemp Brachytherapy

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Contemp Brachytherapy

Journal ID (publisher-id): JCB

Title: Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy

Publisher: Termedia Publishing House

ISSN (Print): 1689-832X

ISSN (Electronic): 2081-2841

Publication date (Electronic): 25 December 2019

Publication date (Print): December 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 6

Pages: 563-572

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India,

[2 ]Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada,

[3 ]Division of Medical Physics, The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington VT, USA,

[4 ]Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Shankarapuram, Bangalore, India

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Ravikumar Manickam, PhD, Professor of Radiation Physics, Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Shankarapuram, Bangalore – 560004, India, phone: +91-80-26094043, fax: +91-80-26560723, e-mail: drmravi59@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: 39402

DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2019.91224

PMC ID: 6964345

PubMed ID: 31969915

SO-VID: b69912be-19c7-447c-925a-02271fae329d

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)