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Presence of Diverse Sugarcane Bacilliform Viruses Infecting Sugarcane in China Revealed by Pairwise Sequence Comparisons and Phylogenetic Analysis
research-article
Author(s):
Kashif Ahmad
1 ,
Sheng-Ren Sun
1 ,
Jun-Lü Chen
2 ,
Mei-Ting Huang
1 ,
Hua-Ying Fu
1 ,
San-Ji Gao
1
,
*
Publication date (Electronic):
01 February 2019
Journal:
The Plant Pathology Journal
Publisher:
Korean Society of Plant Pathology
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Abstract
Sugarcane bacilliform viruses (SCBV), which belong to the genus Badnavirus, family Caulimoviridae, are an important DNA virus complex that infects sugarcane. To explore the genetic diversity of the sugarcane-infecting badnavirus complex in China, we tested 392 sugarcane leaf samples collected from Fujian, Yunnan, and Hainan provinces for the occurrence of SCBV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using published primers SCBV-F and SCBV-R that target the reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT/RNase H) regions of the viral genome. A total of 111 PCR-amplified fragments (726 bp) from 63 SCBV-positive samples were cloned and sequenced. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the SCBV sequences from this study and 34 published sequences representing 18 different phylogroups or genotypes (SCBV-A to -R). All SCBV-tested isolates could be classified into 20 SCBV phylogenetic groups from SCBV-A to -T. Of nine SCBV phylogroups reported in this study, two novel phylogroups, SCBV-S and SCBV-T, that share 90.0–93.2% sequence identity and show 0.07–0.11 genetic distance with each other in the RT/ RNase H region, are proposed. SCBV-S had 57.6–92.2% sequence identity and 0.09–0.66 genetic distance, while SCBV-T had 58.4–90.0% sequence identity and 0.11–0.63 genetic distance compared with the published SCBV phylogroups. Additionally, two other Badnavirus species, Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus (SCBMOV) and Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus (SCBIMV), which originally clustered in phylogenetic groups SCBV-E and SCBV-F, respectively, are first reported in China. Our findings will help to understand the level of genetic heterogeneity present in the complex of Badnavirus species that infect sugarcane.
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Most cited references25
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Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2012)
M. ADAMS, E B Carstens (2012)
In accordance with the Statutes of the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the final stage in the process of making changes to the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification is the ratification of taxonomic proposals by ICTV members. This can occur either at a plenary meeting of ICTV, held during an International Congress of Virology conference, or by circulation of proposals by mail followed by a ballot. As in recent years, a list of proposals that had been subjected to the full, multi-stage review process was prepared and presented on the ICTVonline web pages by January 2012. This review process involved input from the ICTV study groups and subcommittees, other interested virologists, and the ICTV Executive Committee. These proposals were submitted to and discussed by the ICTV Executive Committee over the past two years and represent changes to virus taxonomy from that recently published in the Ninth Report [1]. The ratification process was performed entirely by email. The proposals were sent electronically via email on January 24 2012 to ICTV Executive Committee Members (18), Life Members (11), ICTV Subcommittee Members (105), and ICTV National Representatives (55). Members were then requested to vote on whether or not to ratify the taxonomic proposals, within a four-week deadline (voting closed on February 21, 2012). The following are the taxonomic proposals that were ratified by ICTV members in February 2012. The proposals are organized by subcommittee, and then the filename posted on-line, which contained the specific information about the proposals. Note that by ICTV convention, all approved taxon names are italicized. The details of all these proposals can be obtained at http://www.ictvonline.org/Official_ICTV_Proposals.htm. The latest version of virus taxonomy, incorporating all the changes reported here, is now available on-line at the ICTV web site: http://ictvonline.org. Fungal Virus Subcommittee 2009.001a-fF.A.v6.Dinodnavirus 2009.001a,bF create species named Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus 01 in the new unassigned genus Dinodnavirus 2009.001c,eF create a new unassigned genus 2009.001dF name the new genus Dinodnavirus 2009.001fF designate Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus 01 as type species in the new genus 2009.002a-fF.A.v6.Bacilladnavirus 2009.002a,b,F create species named Chaetoceros salsugineum DNA virus 01 in the new unassigned genus Bacilladnavirus 2009.002c,eF create a new unassigned genus 2009.002dF name the new genus Bacilladnavirus 2009.002fF designate Chaetoceros salsugineum DNA virus 01 as type species in the new genus 2010.001a-dF.A.v2.Trichomonasvirus 2010.001aF create species named Trichomonas vaginalis virus 1, Trichomonas vaginalis virus 2, and Trichomonas vaginalis virus 3 in the new genus Trichomonasvirus, family Totiviridae 2010.001bF create a genus in the family Totiviridae 2010.001cF name the new genus Trichomonasvirus 2010.001dF designate Trichomonas vaginalis virus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.002a-gF.A.v1.Megabirnaviridae 2010.002aF create species named Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1 in the new genus Megabirnavirus in the new family Megabirnaviridae 2010.002bF create a genus in the family Megabirnaviridae 2010.002cF name the new genus Megabirnavirus 2010.002dF designate Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.002eF create an unassigned family 2010.002fF name the new family Megabirnaviridae 2010.002gF assign the new genus Megabirnavirus to the new family 2010.003aF.A.v1.Prasinovirus-sp 2010.003aF create species named Ostreococcus tauri virus OtV5 in the genus Prasinovirus, family Phycodnaviridae 2010.004aF.A.v1.Chlorovirus-Sp 2010.004aF create species named Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 in the genus Chlorovirus, family Phycodnaviridae Invertebrate Virus Subcommittee 2008.001-004,6I.A.v3.Aparavirus 2008.001I create new genus in the family Dicistroviridae 2008.002I name the new genus Aparavirus 2008.003I assign 4 existing species (Acute bee paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus, Solenopsis invicta virus-1, Taura syndrome virus) to new genus and create 1 additional species (Israeli acute paralysis virus) 2008.004I designate Acute bee paralysis virus as type species of new genus 2008.006I create species Israeli acute paralysis virus in genus Aparavirus 2009.001a-kI.A.v4.Hytrosaviridae 2009.001aI create species named Glossina hytrovirus in the proposed genus Glossinavirus in the proposed family Hytrosaviridae 2009.001bI create species named Musca hytrovirus in the proposed genus Muscavirus in the proposed family Hytrosaviridae 2009.001cI create a new genus 2009.001dI name the genus Glossinavirus 2009.001eI designate Glossina hytrovirus to be type species in the proposed genus Glossinavirus 2009.001fI create a new genus 2009.001gI name the genus Muscavirus 2009.001hI designate Musca hytrovirus to be type species in the proposed genus Muscavirus 2009.001iI create a new unassigned family 2009.001jI name the family Hytrosaviridae 2009.001kI assign the genera Glossinavirus and Muscavirus to the new family 2010.001a-qI.A.v4.Tetraviridae 2010.001aI create a new genus in the family Permutotetraviridae (new) 2010.001bI name the genus Alphapermutotetravirus 2010.001cI designate species Thosea asigna virus as type species of the new genus 2010.001dI create new unassigned family 2010.001eI name the new family Permutotetraviridae 2010.001fI assign genus Alphapermutotetravirus to the new family 2010.001gI create a new genus in the family Carmotetraviridae (new) 2010.001hI name the genus Alphacarmotetravirus 2010.001iI designate species Providence virus as type species of the new genus 2010.001jI create new unassigned family 2010.001kI name the new family Carmotetraviridae 2010.001lI assign genus Alphacarmotetravirus to the new family 2010.001mI remove 2 species, Euprosterna elaeasa virus and Thosea asigna virus, from their current assigned position in the genus Betatetravirus, family Tetraviridae 2010.001nI reassign the species Euprosterna elaeasa virus and Thosea asigna virus to genus Alphapermutotetravirus (new), family Permutotetraviridae (new) 2010.001oI remove the species Providence virus from its current assigned position in the genus Betatetravirus, family Tetraviridae 2010.001pI reassign the species Providence virus to the genus Alphacarmotetravirus (new), family Carmotetraviridae (new) 2010.001qI change the name of family Tetraviridae to the Alphatetraviridae 2011.004aI.A.v1.Aparavirus-Sp 2011.004aI create species named Mud crab virus in the genus Aparavirus, family Dicistroviridae, order Picornavirales 2011.005aI.A.v1.Iflavirus-Sp 2011.005aI create species named Slow bee paralysis virus in the genus Iflavirus, family Iflaviridae, order Picornavirales Plant Virus Subcommittee 2009.004a-iP.A.v2.Poacevirus 2009.004a,bP create species named Triticum mosaic virus in the new genus Poacevirus, family Potyviridae 2009.004c,eP create a new genus in the family Potyviridae 2009.004dP name the new genus Poacevirus 2009.004fP designate Triticum mosaic virus as type species in the new genus 2009.004gP assign the previously unassigned species Sugarcane streak mosaic virus as additional species in the new genus 2009.004h,iP remove the species Sugarcane streak mosaic virus from “unassigned” in the family Potyviridae and reassign to the new genus 2009.008a-fP.A.v1.Tepovirus 2009.008a,cP create a genus in the new family Betaflexiviridae, order Tymovirales 2009.008bP name the new genus Tepovirus 2009.008dP designate Potato virus T as type species in the new genus 2009.008e,fP remove the species Potato virus T from “unassigned” in the family Betaflexiviridae and reassign to the new genus 2009.012a-fP.A.v6.Labyrnavirus 2009.012a,bP create species named Aurantiochytrium single-stranded RNA virus 01 in the proposed genus Labyrnavirus, to be unassigned in the order Picornavirales 2009.012c,e,P create an unassigned genus in the order Picornavirales 2009.012dP name the new genus Labyrnavirus 2009.012fP designate Aurantiochytrium single-stranded RNA virus 01 as type species in the new genus 2009.015a-kP.A.v6.Bacillarnavirus 2009.015a-f,kP create species named Rhizosolenia setigera RNA virus 01, Chaetoceros tenuissimus RNA virus 01 and Chaetoceros socialis f. radians RNA virus 01 in the proposed genus Bacillarnavirus, unassigned in the order Picornavirales 2009.015g,I,oP create a new genus to be unassigned in order Picornavirales 2009.015hP name the new genus Bacillarnavirus 2009.015jP designate Rhizosolenia setigera RNA virus 01 as type species in the new genus 2009.016a-iP.A.v7.Alvernaviridae 2009.016a,bP create species named Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus 01 in the genus Dinornavirus (new), family Alvernaviridae (new, unassigned) 2009.016c,e,iP create a genus in the family Alvernaviridae (new) 2009.016eP name the new genus Dinornavirus 2009.016fP designate Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus 01 as type species in the new genus 2010.001aP.A.v2.Ipomovirus-Sp 2010.001aP create species named Ugandan cassava brown streak virus in the genus Ipomovirus in the family Potyviridae 2010.002aP.A.v2.Potyvirus-Sp 2010.002aP create species named Sweet potato virus C in the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae 2010.003aP.A.v1.Closterovirus-2sp 2010.003aP create 2 species named Strawberry chlorotic fleck-associated virus and Raspberry leaf mottle virus in the genus Closterovirus in the family Closteroviridae 2010.004aP.A.v1.Cucumovirus-1sp 2010.004aP create species named Gayfeather mild mottle virus in the genus Cucumovirus in the family Bromoviridae 2010.005aP.A.v1.Ilarvirus-2sp 2010.005aP create 2 species named Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus and Strawberry necrotic shock virus in the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae 2010.006aP.A.v2.Tymoviridae-sp 2010.006aP create species Bombyx mori latent virus to be unassigned in the family Tymoviridae, order Tymovirales 2010.007aP.A.v1.Marafivirus-sp_BlVS 2010.007aP create species named Blackberry virus S in the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae, order Tymovirales 2010.008aP.A.v1.Marafivirus-sp_GSyV-1 2010.008aP create species named Grapevine Syrah virus 1 in the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae, order Tymovirales 2010.009aP.A.v1.Nanovirus-2sp 2010.009aP create species named Faba bean necrotic stunt virus and Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus in the genus Nanovirus in the family Nanoviridae 2010.010aP.A.v1.Pospiviroid-sp 2010.010aP create species named Pepper chat fruit viroid in the genus Pospiviroid in the family Pospiviroidae 2010.011aP.A.v1.Remove2unassignedspecies 2010.011aP remove (abolish) two unassigned species: Hawaiian rubus leaf curl virus and Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus 2010.012aP.A.v1.Tymoviridae-sp 2010.012aP create species named Poinsettia mosaic virus to be unassigned in the family Tymoviridae, order Tymovirales 2010.013a,bP.A.v1.Badnavirus_5sp_and_renames 2010.013aP create 5 species named Banana streak VN virus, Pineapple bacilliform CO virus, Pineapple bacilliform ER virus, Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus, and Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus in the genus Badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae 2010.013bP Change the names of the following 4 species: (i) Citrus mosaic virus to Citrus yellow mosaic virus, (ii) Dioscorea bacilliform virus to Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus, (iii) Banana streak Mysore virus to Banana streak MY virus and (iv) Sugarcane bacilliform Mor virus to Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus 2010.014aP.A.v1.Caulimovirus_1sp 2010.014aP create species named Lamium leaf distortion virus in the genus Caulimovirus in the family Caulimoviridae 2010.015aP.A.v1.Emaravirus_1sp 2010.015aP create species named Fig mosaic virus in the unassigned genus Emaravirus 2010.016aP.A.v1.Ilarvirus_1sp 2010.016aP create species named Lilac leaf chlorosis virus in the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae 2010.017a-eP.A.v2.Solendovirus 2010.017aP create new genus in the family Caulimoviridae 2010.017bP name the new genus Solendovirus 2010.017cP designate Tobacco vein clearing virus as type species in the new genus 2010.017dP remove Tobacco vein clearing virus from the genus Cavemovirus, family Caulimoviridae 2010.017eP reassign Tobacco vein clearing virus to the new genus Solendovirus 2010.018aP.A.v1.Soymovirus_1sp 2010.018aP create species named Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus in the genus Soymovirus in the family Caulimoviridae 2010.019aP.A.Tymovirus_1sp 2010.019aP create species named Chiltepin yellow mosaic virus in the genus Tymovirus in the family Tymoviridae, order Tymovirales 2010.020aP.A.v1.Potyvirus_1sp 2010.020aP create species named Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus in the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae 2011.001aP.A.v1.Cavemovirus_1sp 2011.001aP create new species named Sweet potato collusive virus in the genus Cavemovirus, family Caulimoviridae 2011.002aP.A.v1.Solendovirus_1sp 2011.002aP create new species named Sweet potato vein clearing virus in the genus Solendovirus (proposed in ), family Caulimoviridae 2011.003aP.A.v1.Nepovirus_1sp 2011.003aP create species Melon mild mottle virus in the genus Nepovirus, family Secoviridae, order Picornavirales 2011.004aP.A.v1.Potyvirus_1sp 2011.004aP create species Yambean mosaic virus in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae 2011.006a,bP.A.v1_Begomo_rem,ren_Sp 2011.006aP Remove (abolish) 4 species (Tomato leaf curl Indonesia virus, Tomato leaf curl Pakistan virus, Squash yellow mild mottle virus and Pepper leaf curl Pakistan virus) from genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae 2011.006bP rename three species in the genus Begomovirus: Corchorus yellow vein Vietnam virus to Corchorus yellow vein virus, Cucurbit leaf curl virus to Cucurbit leaf crumple virus and Tomato mosaic leaf curl virus to Merremia mosaic virus 2011.007aP.A.v1.Carmovirus_4sp 2011.007aP create 4 species (Calibrachoa mottle virus, Honeysuckle ringspot virus, Nootka lupine vein clearing virus and Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus) in the genus Carmovirus, family Tombusviridae 2011.008aP.A.v1.Panicovirus_1sp 2011.008aP create species Cocksfoot mild mosaic virus in the genus Panicovirus, family Tombusviridae 2011.011aP.A.v1.Sobemovirus_1sp 2011.011aP create species named Imperata yellow mottle virus in the genus Sobemovirus 2011.012aP.A.v1Furovirus_1sp 2011.012aP create species named Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus in the genus Furovirus in the family Virgaviridae 2011.013aP.A.v1.Badnavirus_2sp 2011.013aP create 2 species, Sweet potato pakakuy virus and Grapevine vein clearing virus, in the genus Badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae 2011.014aP.A.v1.Marafivirus_1sp 2011.014aP create species named Olive latent virus 3 in the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae, order Tymovirales Prokaryote virus subcommittee 2009.001a-gB.A.v2.PB1likevirus 2009.001a,b,gB create species named Pseudomonas phage PB1, Pseudomonas phage SN, Pseudomonas phage 14-1, Pseudomonas phage LMA2, Pseudomonas phage LBL3, Pseudomonas phage F8, and Burkholderia phage BcepF1 in the new genus PB1likevirus, family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.001c,eB create a new genus in the family Myoviridae 2009.001dB name the new genus PB1likevirus 2009.001fB designate Pseudomonas phage PB1 as type species in the new genus 2009.002a-gB.A.v2.Bcep781likevirus 2009.002a,b,gB create species named Burkholderia phage Bcep781, Burkholderia phage Bcep43, Burkholderia phage Bcep1, Burkholderia phage BcepNY3, and Xanthomonas phage OP2 in the new genus Bcep781likevirus, family Myoviridae 2009.002c,eB create a new genus in the family Myoviridae 2009.002dB name the new genus Bcep781likevirus 2009.002fB designate Burkholderia phage Bcep781 as type species in the new genus 2009.003a-gB.A.v2.Bcepmulikevirus 2009.003a,b,gB create species named Burkholderia phage BcepMu and Burkholderia phage phiE255 in the new genus Bcepmulikevirus, family Myoviridae 2009.003c,eB create a new genus in the family Myoviridae 2009.003dB name the new genus Bcepmulikevirus 2009.003fB designate Burkholderia phage BcepMu as type species in the new genus 2009.004a-gB.A.v2.Hap1likevirus 2009.004a,b,gB create species named Halomonas phage phiHAP-1 and Vibrio phage VP882 in the new genus Hap1likevirus, family Myoviridae 2009.004c,eB create a new genus in the family Myoviridae 2009.004dB name the new genus Hap1likevirus 2009.004fB designate Halomonas phage phiHAP-1 as type species in the new genus 2009.005a-gB.A.v2.PhiCD119likevirus 2009.005a,b,gB create species named Clostridium phage phiCD119, Clostridium phage phiC2 and Clostridium phage phiCD27 in the new genus PhiCD119likevirus, family Myoviridae 2009.005c,eB create a new genus in the family Myoviridae 2009.005dB name the new genus PhiCD119likevirus 2009.005fB designate Clostridium phage phiCD119 as type species in the new genus 2009.006a-gB.A.v2.FelixO1likevirus 2009.006a,b,gB create species named Salmonella phage FelixO1, Erwinia phage phiEa21-4 and Escherichia phage wV8 in the new genus FelixO1likevirus, family Myoviridae 2009.006c,eB create a new genus in the family Myoviridae 2009.006dB name the new genus FelixO1likevirus 2009.006fB designate Salmonella phage FelixO1 as type species in the new genus 2009.007a-rB.A.v3.Tevenvirinae 2009.007a,b,mB create 10 new species (names: Escherichia phage JS98, Escherichia phage RB14, Escherichia phage RB16, Escherichia phage RB32, Escherichia phage RB43, Escherichia phage RB49, Escherichia phage RB69, Escherichia phage phi1, Aeromonas phage 31, Aeromonas phage 25) in the genus “T4-like viruses” (proposed name T4likevirus), subfamily Tevenvirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.007c,dB create a new species named Vibrio phage KVP40 in the genus Schizot4likevirus (new), subfamily Tevenvirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.007e,g,mB create a new genus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.007fB name the new genus Schizot4likevirus 2009.007hB designate Vibrio phage KVP40 as type species in the new genus 2009.007iB assign Vibrio phage nt-1 as an additional species in the new genus 2009.007j,lB create a new subfamily in family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.007kB name the new subfamily Tevenvirinae 2009.007nB assign Acinetobacter phage 133, Aeromonas phage Aeh1 and Aeromonas phage 65 as unassigned species in the new subfamily Tevenvirinae 2009.007o,pB move the species Vibrio phage nt-1 from the genus “T4-like viruses” to the genus Schizot4likevirus (new) 2009.007q,rB remove the species Acinetobacter phage 133, Aeromonas phage Aeh1 and Aeromonas phage 65 from the genus “T4-like viruses” and designate as unassigned in the new subfamily Tevenvirinae 2009.009a-pB.A.v3.Spounavirinae 2009.009a,b,mB create 5 new species (names: Staphylococcus phage Twort, Staphylococcus phage K, Staphylococcus phage G1, Listeria phage P100, Listeria phage A511) in the genus Twortlikevirus, subfamily Spounavirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.009c,dB create 2 new species named Enterococcus phage phiEC24C and Lactobacillus phage LP65 to be unassigned in the subfamily Spounavirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.009e,g,mB create a new genus in the subfamily Spounavirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.009fB name the new genus Twortlikevirus 2009.009hB designate Staphylococcus phage Twort as type species in the new genus 2009.009iB assign Staphylococcus phage K, Staphylococcus phage G1, Listeria phage P100 and Listeria phage A511 as additional species in the new genus 2009.009j,lB create a new subfamily in family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.009kB name the new subfamily Spounavirinae 2009.009nB assign Enterococcus phage phiEC24C and Lactobacillus phage LP65 as unassigned species in the new subfamily Spounavirinae 2009.009o,pB move genus “SPO1-like viruses” (proposed name SPO1likevirus), currently unassigned in the family Myoviridae, into the new subfamily Spounavirinae 2009.012a-qV.A.v2.Peduovirinae 2009.012a,b,mB create 12 new species (names: Enterobacteria phage Wphi, Yersinia phage L-413C, Enterobacteria phage 186, Enterobacteria phage PsP3, Salmonella Fels-2, Salmonella SopEphi, Burkholderia phage phiE202, Mannheimia phage phiMhaA1-PHL101, Pseudomonas phage phiCTX, Burkholderia phage phi52237, Ralstonia phage RSA1, Burkholderia phage phiE12-2) in the genus “P2-like viruses” (proposed name P2likevirus), subfamily Peduovirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.012c,d,iB create 6 new species (names: Haemophilus phage HP1, Haemophilus phage HP2, Pasteurella phage F108, Vibrio phage K139, Vibrio phage Kappa, Aeromonas phage phiO18P) in the genus Hp1likevirus (new), subfamily Peduovirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.012e,g,mB create a new genus in the subfamily Peduovirinae (new), family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.012fB name the new genus Hp1likevirus 2009.012hB designate Haemophilus phage HP1 as type species in the new genus 2009.012j,lB create a new subfamily in the family Myoviridae, order Caudovirales 2009.012kB name the new subfamily Peduovirinae 2009.012n,oB move species Haemophilus phage HP1, currently assigned to the genus “P2-like viruses” (proposed name P2likevirus), family Myoviridae, into the new genus HP1likevirus 2009.012p,qB move genus “P2-like viruses” (proposed name P2likevirus), currently unassigned in the family Myoviridae, into the new subfamily Peduovirinae 2010.002a-gB.A.v2.Clavaviridae 2010.002aB create species named Aeropyrum pernix bacilliform virus 1 in the new genus Clavavirus, family Clavaviridae 2010.002bB create a genus in the family Clavaviridae 2010.002cB name the new genus Clavavirus 2010.002dB designate Aeropyrum pernix bacilliform virus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.002eB create an unassigned family 2010.002fB name the new family Clavaviridae 2010.002gB assign the new genus Clavavirus to the new family 2011.002aB.A.v2.Remove_EnterophageEra103 2011.002aB Remove (abolish) the species Enterobacteria phage Era103 from the genus “SP6-like viruses” (proposed new genus name Sp6likevirus) 2011.003aB.A.v2.Rename_phiKMV-like_species 2011.003aB in the genus “PhiKMV-like viruses” (proposed name Phikmvlikevirus) change the name of species Enterobacteria phage phiKMV to Pseudomonas phage phiKMV and Enterobacteria phage LKA1 to Pseudomonas phage LKA1 2011.004abB.A.v2.Correct_AHJD-like_errors 2011.004aB Remove (abolish) species 44AHJD from genus “AHJD-like viruses” (proposed name Ahjdlikevirus), subfamily Picovirinae, family Podoviridae 2011.004bB change the name of species Staphylococcus phage AHJD to Staphylococcus phage 44AHJD 2011.005abB.A.v2.Correct_BPP-1-like_errors 2011.005aB remove (abolish) species Salmonella phage BPP-1 from genus “Bpp-1-like viruses” (proposed name Bpp1likevirus), family Podoviridae 2011.005aB designate Bordetella phage BPP-1 as the type species of the genus “BPP-1-like viruses” 2011.006aB.A.v2.Ren_Myobacteria_phage_D29_sp 2011.006aB in the genus “L5-like viruses” (proposed name L5likevirus) change the name of species Mycobacteria phage D29 to Mycobacterium phage D29 2011.007aB.A.v2.Ren_Enterobacteria_phage_N4_sp 2011.007aB in the genus “N4-like viruses”, family Podoviridae, change the name of species Enterobacteria phage N4 to Escherichia phage N4 Vertebrate virus subcommittee 2009.005a-fV.A.v2.Aquaparamyxovirus 2009.005a,bV create species, named Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus, in the new genus Aquaparamyxovirus, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegaviales 2009.005c,eV create a new genus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae 2009.005dV name the new genus Aquaparamyxovirus 2009.005fV designate Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus as the type species of the new genus 2009.007a-fV.A.v2.Ferlavirus 2009.007a,bV create species, named Fer-de-Lance paramyxovirus, in the new genus Ferlavirus, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales 2009.007c,eV create a new genus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae 2009.007dV name the new genus Ferlavirus 2009.007fV designate Fer-de-Lance paramyxovirus as the type species of the new genus 2010.001a-kkkV.A.v2.Papillomaviridae 2010.001aV create species named Betapapillomavirus 6 in the genus Betapapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001bV create 5 species (Gammapapillomavirus 6, Gammapapillomavirus 7, Gammapapillomavirus 8, Gammapapillomavirus 9 and Gammapapillomavirus 10) in the genus Gammapapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001cV create species named Deltapapillomavirus 5 in the genus Deltapapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001dV create 2 species named Lambdapapillomavirus 3 and Lambdapapillomavirus 4 in the genus Lambdapapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001eV create species named Pipapillomavirus 2 in the genus Pipapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001fV create species named Rhopapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Rhopapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001gV create species named Sigmapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Sigmapapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001hV create species named Taupapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Taupapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001iV create 2 species named Upsilonpapillomavirus 1 and Upsilonpapillomavirus 2 in the proposed genus Upsilonpapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001jV create species named Phipapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Phipapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001kV create 2 species named Chipapillomavirus 1 and Chipapillomavirus 2 in the proposed genus Chipapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001lV create species named Psipapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Psipapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001mV create species named Omegapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Omegapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001nV create species named Dyodeltapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Dyodeltapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001oV create species named Dyoepsilonpapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Dyoepsilonpillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001pV create species named Dyozetapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Dyozetapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001qV create species named Dyoetapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Dyoetapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001rV create species named Dyothetapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Dyothetapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001sV create species named Dyoiotapapillomavirus 1 in the proposed genus Dyoiotapillomavirus, family Papillomaviridae 2010.001tV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001uV name the new genus Rhopapillomavirus 2010.001vV designate Rhopapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001wV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001xV name the new genus Sigmapapillomavirus 2010.001yV designate Sigmapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001zV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001aaV name the new genus Taupapillomavirus 2010.001bbV designate Taupapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001ccV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001ddV name the new genus Upsilonpapillomavirus 2010.001eeV designate Upsilonpapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001ffV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001ggV name the new genus Phipapillomavirus 2010.00hhV designate Phipapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001iiV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001jjV name the new genus Chipapillomavirus 2010.001kkV designate Chipapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001llV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001mmV name the new genus Psipapillomavirus 2010.001nnV designate Psipapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001ooV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001ppV name the new genus Omegapapillomavirus 2010.001qqV designate Omegapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001rrV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001ssV name the new genus Dyodeltapapillomavirus 2010.001ttV designate Dyodeltapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001uuV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001vvV name the new genus Dyoepsilonpapillomavirus 2010.001wwV designate Dyoepsilonpapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001xxV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001yyV name the new genus Dyozetapapillomavirus 2010.001zzV designate Dyozetapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001aaaV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001bbbV name the new genus Dyoetapapillomavirus 2010.001cccV designate Dyoetapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001dddV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001eeeV name the new genus Dyothetapapillomavirus 2010.001fffV designate Dyothetapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001gggV create new genus within the family Papillomaviridae 2010.001hhhV name the new genus Dyoiotapapillomavirus 2010.001iiiV designate Dyoiotapapillomavirus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.001jjjV Remove (abolish) species Human papillomavirus 71 2010.001kkkV rename 43 species in the family Papillomaviridae (Human papillomavirus 32 to Alphapapillomavirus 1; Human papillomavirus 10 to Alphapapillomavirus 2; Human papillomavirus 61 to Alphapapillomavirus 3; Human papillomavirus 2 to Alphapapillomavirus 4; Human papillomavirus 26 to Alphapapillomavirus 5; Human papillomavirus 53 to Alphapapillomavirus 6; Human papillomavirus 18 to Alphapapillomavirus 7; Human papillomavirus 7 to Alphapapillomavirus 8; Human papillomavirus 16 to Alphapapillomavirus 9; Human papillomavirus 6 to Alphapapillomavirus 10; Human papillomavirus 34 to Alphapapillomavirus 11; Rhesus monkey papillomavirus 1 to Alphapapillomavirus 12; Human papillomavirus 54 to Alphapapillomavirus 13; Human papillomavirus cand90 to Alphapapillomavirus 14; Human papillomavirus 5 to Betapapillomavirus 1; Human papillomavirus 9 to Betapapillomavirus 2; Human papillomavirus 49 to Betapapillomavirus 3; Human papillomavirus cand92 to Betapapillomavirus 4; Human papillomavirus cand96 to Betapapillomavirus 5; Human papillomavirus 4 to Gammapapillomavirus 1; Human papillomavirus 48 to Gammapapillomavirus 2; Human papillomavirus 50 to Gammapapillomavirus 3; Human papillomavirus 60 to Gammapapillomavirus 4; Human papillomavirus 88 to Gammapapillomavirus 5; European elk papillomavirus to Deltapapillomavirus 1; Deer papillomavirus to Deltapapillomavirus 2; Ovine papillomavirus 1 to Deltapapillomavirus 3; Bovine papillomavirus 1 to Deltapapillomavirus 4; Bovine papillomavirus 5 to Epsilonpapillomavirus 1; Equine papillomavirus 1 to Zetapapillomavirus 1; Fringilla coelebs papillomavirus to Etapapillomavirus 1; Psittacus erithacus timneh papillomavirus to thetapapillomavirus 1; Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus to Iotapapillomavirus 1; Rabbit oral papillomavirus to Kappapapillomavirus 1; Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus to Kappapapillomavirus 2; Feline papillomavirus to Lambdapapillomavirus 1; Canine oral papillomavirus to Lambdapapillomavirus 2; Human papillomavirus 1 to Mupapillomavirus 1; Human papillomavirus 63 to Mupapillomavirus 2; Human papillomavirus 41 to Nupapillomavirus 1; Bovine papillomavirus 3 to Xipapillomavirus 1; Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus to Omikronpapillomavirus 1; Hamster oral papillomavirus to Pipapillomavirus 1) 2010.003aV.A.v2.Nucleorhabdovirus-sp 2010.003aV create species named Maize Iranian mosaic virus in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae 2010.004a-dV.A.v2.Lambdatorquevirus 2010.004aV create species named Torque teno zalophus virus 1 in the proposed genus Lambdatorquevirus, family Anelloviridae 2010.004bV create new genus within the family Anelloviridae 2010.004cV name the new genus Lambdatorquevirus 2010.004dV designate Torque teno zalophus virus 1 as type species in the new genus 2010.005a-dV.A.v3.Kappatorquevirus 2010.005aV create species named Torque teno sus virus k2 in the proposed genus Kappatorquevirus, family Anelloviridae 2010.005bV create new genus within the family Anelloviridae 2010.005cV name the new genus Kappatorquevirus 2010.005dV designate Torque teno sus virus k2 as type species in the new genus 2010.006aV.A.v2.Etatorquevirus-sp 2010.006aV create species named Torque teno felis virus 2 in the genus Etatorquevirus, family Anelloviridae 2010.007aV.A.v2.Betatorquevirus-3sp 2010.007aV create 3 species named Torque teno mini virus 10, Torque teno mini virus 11 and Torque teno mini virus 12 in the genus Betatorquevirus, family Anelloviridae 2010.008aV.A.v2.Gammatorquevirus-13sp 2010.008aV create 13 species (Torque teno midi virus 3, Torque teno midi virus 4, Torque teno midi virus 5, Torque teno midi virus 6, Torque teno midi virus 7, Torque teno midi virus 8, Torque teno midi virus 9, Torque teno midi virus 10, Torque teno midi virus 11, Torque teno midi virus 12, Torque teno midi virus 13, Torque teno midi virus 14, Torque teno midi virus 15) in the genus Gammatorquevirus, family Anelloviridae 2010.009aV.A.v2.Rhabdoviridae-sp 2010.009aV create species named Moussa virus unassigned in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales 2010.010aV.A.v1.Ebolavirus-sp 2010.010aV create species named Bundibugyo ebolavirus in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales 2010.010bV.A.v3.Ebolavirus-ren-Sp 2010.010bV replace the species name Lake Victoria marburgvirus by Marburg marburgvirus in the genus Marburgvirus 2010.011aV.A.v1.Mastadenovirus-sp 2010.011aV create species named Bat adenovirus A in the genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae 2010.012aV.A.v1.Mastadenovirus-ren5sp 2010.012aV rename 5 species in the genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, by adding a letter designation 2010.014aV.A.v1.Mardivirus-sp 2010.014aV create species named Anatid herpesvirus 1 in the genus Mardivirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2010.015aV.A.v1.Cyprinivirus-sp 2010.015aV create species Anguillid herpesvirus 1 in the genus Cyprinivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2010.016a-eV.A.v2.Scutavirus 2010.016aV create new genus within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2010.016bV name the new genus Scutavirus 2010.016cV designate Chelonid herpesvirus 5 as type species in the new genus 2010.016dV remove species Chelonid herpesvirus 5 from its unassigned position in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae 2010.016eV reassign the above species to the new genus 2010.017a-cV.A.v3.Avastrovirus 2010.017aV create 3 species named Avastrovirus 1, Avastrovirus 2 and Avastrovirus 3 in the genus Avastrovirus, family Astroviridae 2010.017bV remove (abolish) the species Chicken astrovirus, Duck astrovirus and Turkey astrovirus from the genus Avastrovirus, family Astroviridae 2011.017cV designate Avastrovirus 1 as the type species of the genus 2010.018a-cV.A.v4.Mamastrovirus 2010.018aV create 14 species (Mamastrovirus 4, Mamastrovirus 5, Mamastrovirus 6, Mamastrovirus 7, Mamastrovirus 8, Mamastrovirus 9, Mamastrovirus 11, Mamastrovirus 12, Mamastrovirus 14, Mamastrovirus 15, Mamastrovirus 16, Mamastrovirus 17, Mamastrovirus 18, Mamastrovirus 19) in the genus Mamastrovirus, family Astroviridae 2010.018bV remove (abolish) the species Bovine astrovirus from the genus Mamastrovirus, family Astroviridae 2010.018cV change the names of 5 species in the genus Mamastrovirus as follows: Feline astrovirus to Mamastrovirus 2, Human astrovirus to Mamastrovirus 1, Mink astrovirus to Mamastrovirus 10, Ovine astrovirus to Mamastrovirus 13, Porcine astrovirus to Mamastrovirus 3 2010.019a-eV.A.v1.Crocodylidpoxvirus 2010.019aV create new species named Skunkpox virus within the genus Orthopoxvirus, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae 2010.019bV create new species named Nile crocodilepox virus within the proposed genus Crocodylidpoxvirus, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae 2010.019cV create new genus within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae 2010.019dV name the new genus Crocodylidpoxvirus 2010.019eV designate Nile crocodilepox virus as type species in the new genus 2010.020abV.A.v1.Poxviridae-2sp_ren 2010.020aV replace the species name Squirrel poxvirus by Squirrelpox virus in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae 2010.020bV replace the species name Deerpox virus W-848-83 by Mule deerpox virus in the genus Cervidpoxvirus, family Poxviridae 2010.021a-gV.A.v1.Bidnaviridae 2010.021aV create species named Bombyx mori bidensovirus in the proposed genus Bidensovirus, in the proposed family Bidnavridae 2010.021bV create new genus within the family Bidnavridae 2010.021cV name the new genus Bidensovirus 2010.021dV designate Bombyx mori bidensovirus as type species in the new genus 2010.021eV create new unassigned family 2010.021fV name the family Bidnaviridae 2010.021gV assign the genus Bidensovirus to the new family 2010.023a-dV.U.v2.Deltacoronavirus 2010.023aV create 3 new species named Bulbul coronavirus HKU11, Thrush coronavirus HKU12 and Munia coronavirus HKU13 in the proposed genus Deltacoronavirus, in the subfamily Coronavirinae, family Coronaviridae 2010.023bV create a new genus in the subfamily Coronavirinae, family Coronaviridae 2010.023cV name the new genus Deltacoronavirus 2010.023dV designate Bulbul coronavirus HKU11 as type species in the new genus 2010.024a,bV.A.v1.Phlebovirus_2sp-ren 2010.024aV change the name Chandiru virus, a species in the genus Phlebovirus, to Candiru virus 2010.024bV change the name Salehebad virus, a species in the genus Phlebovirus, to Salehabad virus 2011.002aV.A.v2.Anelloviridae_2Sp-ren 2011.002aV change the names of the following two species: Torque teno sus virus 1 to Torque teno sus virus 1a (genus Iotatorquevirus) and Torque teno sus virus 2 to Torque teno sus virus 1b (genus Iotatorquevirus) 2011.003aV.A.v2.Arenavirus-Sp 2011.003aV create species named Lujo virus in genus Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae 2011.004aV.A.v3.Rhadinovirus-Sp 2011.004aV create species Murid herpesvirus 7 in the genus Rhadinovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2011.005a-cV.A.v2.Roseolovirus-2sp,rensp 2011.005aV create species Human herpesvirus 6A and Human herpesvirus 6B in the genus Roseolovirus, subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2011.005bV Remove (abolish) species Human herpesvirus 6 from genus Roseolovirus 2011.005cV designate Human herpesvirus 6A as the type species of the genus 2011.006aV.A.v1.Lyssavirus-Sp 2011.006aV create species named Shimoni bat virus in the genus Lyssavirus 2011.013aV.A.v3.Rhadinovirus-Sp 2011.013aV create species Cricetid herpesvirus 2 in the genus Rhadinovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2011.014aV.A.v2.Muromegalovirus-Sp 2011.014aV Create species Murid herpesvirus 8 in the genus Muromegalovirus, subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales 2011.016aV.A.v2.Aphthovirus-Sp 2011.016aV create species Bovine rhinitis A virus within the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae 2011.023aV.A.v1.Aviadenovirus-Sp 2011.023aV Create species Turkey adenovirus B in the genus Aviadenovirus, family Adenoviridae 2011.024aV.A.v1.Mastadenovirus-2Sp 2011.024aV Create two species, Bat adenovirus B and Murine adenovirus B, in the genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae 2011.025aV.A.v1.Siadenovirus-Sp 2011.025aV Create species Great tit adenovirus A in the genus Siadenovirus, family Adenoviridae Conclusion All of the above taxonomic proposals were unanimously (or nearly unanimously) approved by the membership who voted. A number of suggestions were received during the voting process. These included requests to rationalize species demarcation criteria across virus families, to pay continued attention to clarity in naming new genera and to seek multiple species demarcation criteria so that new species are not created solely on the basis of a measure of nucleotide sequence identity. The ICTV continues to discuss these issues and welcomes comments on all taxonomic proposals as they are posted on the ICTV web site. The return rate of votes was approximately 48%. These taxonomic changes are now part of the official ICTV taxonomy and supplement the taxonomy presented in the Ninth ICTV Report published in 2011 [1]. An up-to-date list of all approved taxa can be found on the ICTV online web site.
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: not found
Characterisation of the double genome structure of modern sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) by molecular cytogenetics.
A D'Hont, L Grivet, P Feldmann … (1996)
Cultivated sugarcane clones (Saccharum spp., 2n=100 to 130) are derived from complex interspecific hybridizations between the species S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. Using comparative genomic DNA in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish the chromosomes contributed by these two species in an interspecific F1 hybrid and a cultivated clone, R570. In the interspecific F1 studied, we observed n + n transmission of the parental chromosomes instead of the peculiar 2n + n transmission usually described in such crosses. Among the chromosomes of cultivar R570 (2n = 107-115) about 10% were identified as originating from S. spontaneum and about 10% were identified as recombinant chromosomes between the two species S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. This demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of recombination between the chromosomes of these two species. The rDNA sites were located by in situ hybridization in these two species and the cultivar R570. This supported different basic chromosome numbers and chromosome structural differences between the two species and provided a first bridge between physical and genetical mapping in sugarcane.
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: not found
Rolling circle amplification revolutionizes diagnosis and genomics of geminiviruses.
D Haible, S E Kober, Holger Jeske (2006)
Better, easier and cheaper than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antibody detection, rolling circle amplification (RCA) using the bacteriophage varphi 29 DNA polymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host plant sources. The advantages are: (a) that no expensive devices are necessary, (b) simple handling, (c) detection of all infecting circular DNA components without any knowledge of sequence information in a single step, and (d) low costs per reaction. In addition, RCA-amplified viral DNA can be characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and directly sequenced up to 900 bases in a single run circumventing cloning and plasmid purification. This shortcut will considerably accelerate genomics of at least gemini-, nano- and circoviruses in the future.
Author and article information
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): Plant Pathol J
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Plant Pathol. J
Title:
The Plant Pathology Journal
Publisher:
Korean Society of Plant Pathology
ISSN
(Print):
1598-2254
ISSN
(Electronic):
2093-9280
Publication date
(Print):
February
2019
Publication date
(Electronic):
01
February
2019
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 41-50
Affiliations
Author notes
[*
]Corresponding author: Phone) +68-591-8826-3135, FAX) +68-591-8826-3135, E-mail)
gaosanji@
123456yahoo.com
Author information
San-Ji Gao
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-8470
Article
Publisher ID: ppj-35-041DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2018.0156
PMC ID: 6385652
PubMed ID: 30828278
SO-VID: b6ada8a5-04d9-4ead-a047-9f6e4aec1694
Copyright © © The Korean Society of Plant Pathology
License:
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Articles can be freely viewed online at www.ppjonline.org.
History
Date
received
: 08
August
2018
Date
revision received
: 16
September
2018
Date
accepted
: 04
October
2018
Categories
Subject:
Research Article
Data availability: