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      Ultrathin, flexible, solid polymer composite electrolyte enabled with aligned nanoporous host for lithium batteries

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          Most cited references32

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          Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond.

          Kang Xu (2014)
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            "Water-in-salt" electrolyte enables high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion chemistries.

            Lithium-ion batteries raise safety, environmental, and cost concerns, which mostly arise from their nonaqueous electrolytes. The use of aqueous alternatives is limited by their narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 volts), which sets an intrinsic limit on the practical voltage and energy output. We report a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte whose window was expanded to ~3.0 volts with the formation of an electrode-electrolyte interphase. A full lithium-ion battery of 2.3 volts using such an aqueous electrolyte was demonstrated to cycle up to 1000 times, with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency at both low (0.15 coulomb) and high (4.5 coulombs) discharge and charge rates.
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              Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction.

              This Review is focused on ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolytes to be used in electrochemical energy-storage systems. Properties of the migrating species significantly affecting diffusion, including the valency and ionic radius, are discussed. The natures of the ligand and metal composing the skeleton of the host framework are analyzed and shown to have large impacts on the performance of solid-state electrolytes. A comprehensive identification of the candidate migrating species and structures is carried out. Not only the bulk properties of the conductors are explored, but the concept of tuning the conductivity through interfacial effects-specifically controlling grain boundaries and strain at the interfaces-is introduced. High-frequency dielectric constants and frequencies of low-energy optical phonons are shown as examples of properties that correlate with activation energy across many classes of ionic conductors. Experimental studies and theoretical results are discussed in parallel to give a pathway for further improvement of solid-state electrolytes. Through this discussion, the present Review aims to provide insight into the physical parameters affecting the diffusion process, to allow for more efficient and target-oriented research on improving solid-state ion conductors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature Nanotechnology
                Nat. Nanotechnol.
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                1748-3387
                1748-3395
                May 27 2019
                Article
                10.1038/s41565-019-0465-3
                31133663
                b6db4358-6d3f-42ba-8e37-6d50c72e7781
                © 2019

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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