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      Population ecology of Chaetophractus vellerosus: the first report for an armadillo in South America

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to obtain the first estimates of survival rates (S), capture probability (p) and life expectancy for armadillos in South America by analyzing capture-mark-recapture data obtained from a population of Chaetophractus vellerosus (Gray, 1865) located in Magdalena, Buenos Aires, Argentina. From June 2006 to June 2011, we conducted 16 field surveys that resulted in 365 capture events of 152 adult C. vellerosus. For the survival analysis we used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) modelling framework. Interannual variation in S made an important contribution to overall variation in the survival rate of C. vellerosus. The average life expectancy for females and males after attaining sexual maturity was estimated at 1.70 and 1.65 years respectively. The period of lowest survival probability was associated with dry seasons that might have affected the availability of food. This study provides the first estimates of demographic parameters for xenarthrans in South America.

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          Modeling Survival and Testing Biological Hypotheses Using Marked Animals: A Unified Approach with Case Studies

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            AIC Model Selection in Overdispersed Capture-Recapture Data

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              Beyond the '3/4-power law': variation in the intra- and interspecific scaling of metabolic rate in animals.

              In this review I show that the '3/4-power scaling law' of metabolic rate is not universal, either within or among animal species. Significant variation in the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass is described mainly for animals, but also for unicells and plants. Much of this variation, which can be related to taxonomic, physiological, and/or environmental differences, is not adequately explained by existing theoretical models, which are also reviewed. As a result, synthetic explanatory schemes based on multiple boundary constraints and on the scaling of multiple energy-using processes are advocated. It is also stressed that a complete understanding of metabolic scaling will require the identification of both proximate (functional) and ultimate (evolutionary) causes. Four major types of intraspecific metabolic scaling with body mass are recognized [based on the power function R=aMb, where R is respiration (metabolic) rate, a is a constant, M is body mass, and b is the scaling exponent]: Type I: linear, negatively allometric (b 1) to one or two later phases of negative allometry (b<1). Ontogenetic changes in the metabolic intensity of four component processes (i.e. growth, reproduction, locomotion, and heat production) appear to be important in these different patterns of metabolic scaling. These changes may, in turn, be shaped by age (size)-specific patterns of mortality. In addition, major differences in interspecific metabolic scaling are described, especially with respect to mode of temperature regulation, body-size range, and activity level. A 'metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis' focusing on two major constraints (surface-area limits on resource/waste exchange processes and mass/volume limits on power production) can explain much, but not all of this variation. My analysis indicates that further empirical and theoretical work is needed to understand fully the physiological and ecological bases for the considerable variation in metabolic scaling that is observed both within and among species. Recommended approaches for doing this are discussed. I conclude that the scaling of metabolism is not the simple result of a physical law, but rather appears to be the more complex result of diverse adaptations evolved in the context of both physico-chemical and ecological constraints.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                zool
                Zoologia (Curitiba)
                Zoologia (Curitiba)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1984-4670
                1984-4689
                2017
                : 34
                : e20785
                Affiliations
                [2] Luján Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Luján orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Argentina
                [1] La Plata Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo orgdiv2Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores Argentina
                [3] Los Polvorines Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Gral. Sarmiento orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias orgdiv2Área de Biología y Bioinformática Argentina
                Article
                S1984-46702017000100332 S1984-4670(17)03400000332
                10.3897/zoologia.34.e20785
                b7024611-a59d-4d32-a697-2f89f1def6e9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 May 2017
                : 23 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Research Article

                Argentina,screaming hairy armadillo,CMR,capture probability,survival rates

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