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      Une rare triple association de panniculite mésentérique, appendicite aigüe et syndrome de Koenig chez un patient opéré pour une occlusion intestinale aigüe fébrile: à propos d’un cas Translated title: A rare triple combination of mesenteric panniculitis, acute appendicitis and König´s syndrome in a patient operated for acute febrile intestinal obstruction: a case report

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          Abstract

          La panniculite mésentérique est une affection primitive inflammatoire du mésentère associant de façon variable des lésions de nécrose, d´inflammation et de fibrose du tissu graisseux. Elle peut être idiopathique (primitive) ou secondaire (associée) à d´autres pathologies, asymptomatique et de découverte fortuite ou par une douleur abdominale ou des complications (occlusion intestinale ou une péritonite). Nous présentons le cas d´un patient de 53 ans, reçu pour douleur abdominale aiguë, arrêt de matières et de gaz dans un contexte fébrile. Aux antécédents, des douleurs abdominales chroniques sous forme d´un syndrome de Koenig avait été noté et des épigastralgies depuis plusieurs années. A l´examen physique, l´état général marqué par un faciès souffrant et l´examen abdominal avait noté un léger ballonnement, une sensibilité marquée dans la fosse iliaque droite (FID) et en péri-ombilical, sans défense ni contracture et des borborygmes à l´auscultation avec toucher rectal normal. Un diagnostic d´occlusion intestinale fébrile avait été retenu avec suspicion d´une appendicite mésocoeliaque. La radiographie de l'abdomen à blanc et l´échographie ont permis de confirmer le diagnostic d´occlusion abdominale. Au décours de la laparotomie exploratrice, une sténose fonctionnelle iléale (syndrome de Koenig) découvert à 1m20 de la jonction iléo-coecale; cette dernière étant le siège de multiples adhérences faisant découvrir à l´adhésiolyse un appendice hyperhémié, long de 15cm dont l´examen anatomopathologique révèle une muqueuse siège d´infiltrat inflammatoire et une paroi riche en polynucléaires; une infiltration du mésentère iléal sous forme de modification de coloration (rougeâtre et grisâtre par endroit) et de petites nodosités avec friabilité et déchirure à la simple manipulation a fait suspecter le diagnostic de panniculite mésentérique confirmée par les examens anatomopathologiques montrant une réaction inflammatoire dans le tissu graisseux prélevé avec infiltration par des macrophages, associée à des lésions de nécrose en plage et dégénérescence. Le traitement avait consisté en une vidange intestinale, une appendicectomie antérograde, et une association corticoïde (Dexamethasone 24 mg/jour) et chymotrypsine (10000 UI/jour). L´évolution était bonne et une sortie du patient au 10 e jour post-opératoire avec un suivi clinique et paraclinique pendant 3 mois à la recherche d´une autre pathologie associée méconnue ou pouvant survenir précocement.

          Translated abstract

          Mesenteric panniculitis is a primary inflammation of the mesentery with variable necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis of the fatty tissue. It can be idiopathic (primary) or secondary (associated) to other diseases, asymptomatic and accidentally discovered or revealed by abdominal pain or complications (intestinal obstruction or peritonitis). We here report the case of a 53-year-old patient, admitted with acute abdominal pain, cessation of the transit of materials and gases, in a febrile context. Patient’s history included chronic abdominal pain suggesting König´s syndrome and epigastralgia lasting several years. Physical examination showed sore face and abdominal examination revealed mild bloating, marked tenderness in the right iliac fossa (RIF) and in the periumbilical region, without guarding or rigidity and borygms heard on auscultation and with normal rectal examination. A diagnosis of bowel obstruction and fever was made, with suspicion of meso-celiac appendicitis. Abdominal X-ray without preparation and ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of bowel occlusion. Exploratory laparotomy revealed functional stenosis of the ileum (König´s syndrome) at 1.20m from the ileocecal junction, with multiple adhesions. Adhesiolysis revealed hyperemic appendix measuring 15cm long, whose anatomo pathological examination showed a mucous membrane with inflammatory infiltrate and a wall rich in polynuclear cells. Infiltration of the ileal mesentery causing color change (reddish and greyish in some areas) and small nodosities with friability and tearing on simple handling led to suspicion of mesenteric panniculitis, then confirmed by anatomopathological examination, showing inflammatory reaction in the fatty tissue specimen with infiltration by macrophages, associated with necrotic patches and degeneration. Treatment was based on bowel emptying, anterograde appendectomy, and a combination of corticosteroid (Dexamethasone 24 mg/day) and chymotrypsin (10000 IU/day). The patient´s outcome was good and he was discharged in the 10 th postoperative day. The patient underwent clinical and paraclinical follow-up (3 months) for another unknown associated pathology or a pathology that may have occurred early.

          Most cited references9

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          Sclerosing mesenteritis, mesenteric panniculitis and mesenteric lipodystrophy: a single entity?

          We reviewed 84 cases coded as mesenteric lipodystrophy (ML), mesenteric panniculitis (MP), or retractile mesenteritis and sclerosing mesenteritis (SM), grading fibrosis, inflammation, and fat necrosis, and evaluating clinical subgroups. There was no gender or racial predominance. Patient age range was 23-87 years (average 60). Patients most often presented with abdominal pain or a palpable mass. A history of trauma or surgery was present in four of 84 patients. The most common site of involvement was the small bowel mesentery as a single mass (58 of 84) with an average size of 10 cm, multiple masses (15 of 84), or diffuse mesenteric thickening (11 of 84). All patients had some degree of fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and fat necrosis. Although a few patients showed a sufficient prominence of fibrosis, inflammation, or fat necrosis to permit a separation into SM, MP, or ML, respectively, in most patients these three components were too mixed for a clear separation. The clinical, demographic, and gross features did not help in defining these three entities. Contributors diagnosed 12 as sarcoma. Of 39 patients followed beyond the postoperative period, none died of these lesions. We conclude that SM, MP, and ML appear to represent histologic variants of one clinical entity, and in most cases "sclerosing mesenteritis" is the most appropriate diagnostic term.
            • Record: found
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            Mesenteric lipodystrophy.

              • Record: found
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              Weber-Christian panniculitis: a review of 30 cases with this diagnosis.

              More than 60 years ago, Christian described a panniculitis that was later termed Weber-Christian disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this is a specific disease or a nonspecific disease that embraces several specific conditions. We studied 30 cases diagnosed as Weber-Christian panniculitis and found it possible to make a more specific diagnosis. In 12 patients, findings were compatible with erythema nodosum. Six patients had phlebitis or postphlebitic syndrome. Factitial panniculitis was diagnosed in five patients, and trauma had a role in the conditions of another three patients. Cytophagic panniculitis, lymphoma, and leukemia were recognized in one patient each. The lesion was lobular in almost all cases, and the presence of lipophagia was noted in 19 biopsy specimens. Granulomatous, neutrophilic, and lymphocytic pathologic changes were present in nine, eight, and eight tissue specimens, respectively. The recognition of distinct disease patterns of fat lesions as fat necrosis with pancreatic disease, alpha1-antitrypsin panniculitis, lupus and connective tissue disease panniculitis, involution lipoatrophy, lipomembranous panniculitis, factitial panniculitis syndromes, calcification panniculitis, lipophagic lipoatrophy, and cytophagic panniculitis has lessened the need for a less specific panniculitis category. All these diseases have been reported in the literature as "Weber-Christian disease." Because separate and distinct forms of fat lesions have been described, we believe that the eponym should be abandoned and that more specific diagnoses should be made on the basis of pathogenesis or cause.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-1061
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5076
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-7192
                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                24 May 2023
                2023
                : 45
                : 57
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Département de Chirurgie, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo,
                [2 ]Département de Réanimation-Anesthésie, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut Katanga, République Démocratique du Congo
                Author notes
                [& ] Corresponding author: Manix Ilunga Banza, Département de Chirurgie, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo. manixbanza1988@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                PAMJ-45-57
                10.11604/pamj.2023.45.57.19448
                10460100
                b72a1f3a-6400-4d54-b556-518b7290b2d4
                Copyright: Manix Ilunga Banza et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 12 June 2019
                : 24 February 2020
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                panniculite mésentérique,appendicite,syndrome de kœnig,cas clinique,mesenteric panniculitis,appendicitis,könig´s syndrome,case report

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