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      Field studies of the efficacy of some commercially available essential oils against horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The repellent activity of commercially available essential oils from the plants Cymbopogon winterianus, Mentha piperita, Litsea citrata and Lavandula angustifolia against female horse flies (Tabanidae) is not yet known, and it was studied in Eastern Croatia. In the absence of standard protocols for determining repellency in field studies, five canopy traps baited with 1-octen-3-ol were used, four of which were protected with essential oils. One canopy trap was always without any essential oil and used as negative control. The chi-square analyses of the trapping data for the canopy traps revealed that the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia significantly reduced the number of collected horse flies in comparison to those collected in the canopy traps protected with the other essential oils. Significantly less specimens of Tabanus bromius were collected from the canopy traps protected with Lavandula angustifolia when compared with the traps protected with the other essential oils. However, the numbers of females of Tabanus tergestinus and Haematopota pluvialis collected from the canopy traps protected with all four essential oils did not differ significantly. A total of 93.6% of horse flies collected belonged to these three species. Tabanus bromius was the most abundant species with 76.5% in the samples collected by canopy traps. Finally, the traps protected with the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia collected 0.50 times less horse flies than unprotected traps, whereas traps protected with oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Litsea citrata collected 0.19, 0.15 and 0.04 times less horse flies, respectively, than did unprotected traps.

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          Most cited references35

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          Tabanids as vectors of disease agents.

          L Foil (1989)
          The Tabanidae are considered to be among the major Dipteran pests of man and animals worldwide, but this group is undoubtedly the least studied. There have been at least 137 genera and 4154 species of tabanids described to date. Yet, existing, active research programmes number, at most, 50 in systematics and distribution, 15 in economic entomology, and five in disease transmission. To redress the balance, Lane Foil discusses the entire spectrum of research on the transmission of infections by tabanids, both from the point of view of general factors affecting transmission dynamics, as well as the specific examination of candidate agents, from viruses to filaria.
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            Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).

            The repellency of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and combinations of 5 essential oils (Bourbon geranium, cedarwood, clove, peppermint, and thyme) to Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann when applied to human skin was determined in laboratory tests. Cedarwood oil failed to repel mosquitoes and only high concentrations of peppermint oil repelled Ae. aegypti. None of the oils tested prevented mosquito bite when used at the 5 or 10% concentration. Thyme and clove oils were the most effective mosquito repellents and provided 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 h of protection, depending on oil concentration. Clove oil (50%) combined with geranium oil (50%) or with thyme oil (50%) prevented biting by An. albimanus for 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 h. The potential for using essential oils as topical mosquito repellents may be limited by user acceptability; clove, thyme, and peppermint oils can be irritating to the skin, whereas both human subjects in this study judged the odor of clove and thyme oils unacceptable at concentrations > or = 25%.
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              Comparative repellency of commercial formulations of deet, permethrin and citronellal against the mosquito Aedes aegypti, using a collagen membrane technique compared with human arm tests

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                entomologia
                Entomologia Generalis
                Journal of General and Applied Entomology - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie
                entomologia
                Schweizerbart Science Publishers (Stuttgart, Germany http://www.schweizerbart.com/ mail@ 123456schweizerbart.de )
                0171-8177
                October 2016
                : 36
                : 2
                : 97-105
                Affiliations
                1 Odjel za biologiju, Sveučilište JJ Strossmayera, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek/Esseg, Hrvatska, Croatia 2 Odjel za kemiju, Sveučilište JJ Strossmayera, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek/Esseg: Hrvatska, Croatia
                Author notes
                Article
                87114 0121
                10.1127/entomologia/2016/0121
                b73666d5-7080-409a-a669-1af5c88739c2
                Copyright © 2016 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
                History
                : 09 April 2014
                : 11 April 2016
                Page count
                Tables: 4, Pages: 9
                Custom metadata
                1
                research_paper

                Entomology,Parasitology,Ecology,Pests, Diseases & Weeds
                canopy traps,Diptera,repellents,Tabanidae,Croatia
                Entomology, Parasitology, Ecology, Pests, Diseases & Weeds
                canopy traps, Diptera, repellents, Tabanidae, Croatia

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