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      Influence of sleep quality on macula and retinal nerve fiber layer in caucasian healthy adolescents: A cross-sectional assessment with optical coherence tomography Translated title: Influência da qualidade do sono na mácula e na camada de fibras nervosas da retina de adolescentes caucasianos saudáveis: uma avaliação transversal por tomografia de coerência ótica

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: Poor sleep quality have affect on neuronal structure in central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the effects of sleep quality on the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy Caucasian adolescents. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study,100 healthy adolescents were evaluated for determining of sleep quality score by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) and were monitored for detection of sleep efficiency(%) by Sense Wear PRO3 Armband mobile monitor(SWA). The sleep quality is evaluated based on the PSQI score and PSQI ≤5 was defined as “good sleep”, and a score >5 was defined as “poor sleep”. All subjects were scanned by spectral-domain OCT for the thicknesses of RNFL, GCC, and macular subfields. Results: Thirty nine of the subjects (39%) have poor sleep quality while 61 of them (61%) have good sleep. Inner superior (P=0.017), inner nasal (P=0.007), inner inferior (P=0.025), outer nasal (P= 0.011), and outer inferior (P=0.007) segments of macular thicknesses in the subjects with poor sleep are significantly thicker than those of the subjects with good sleep, whereas average RNFL of the adolescents with poor sleep is significantly thinner (P=0.02). All these parameters and central macular thickness have significant correlations with sleep efficiency and PSQI score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sleep quality may have effects on macula and the nerve fiber layer of retina in adolescents and poor sleep may be related to decrease in the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo: A má qualidade do sono afeta a estrutura neuronal do sistema nervoso central. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos da qualidade do sono sobre a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina (CFNR), a mácula e o complexo de células ganglionares (CCG) de adolescentes caucasianos saudáveis submetidos a tomografia de coerência ótica (TCO). Metodologia: O presente estudo transversal prospectivo avaliou 100 adolescentes saudáveis a fim de determinar o escore de qualidade do sono através do índice da qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI); os participantes foram monitorados através do monitor móvel Sense Wear PRO3 Armband (SWA) a fim de detectar a eficiência do seu sono (%). A qualidade do sono foi avaliada com base no escore do PSQI; PSQI ≤ 5 foi definido como “sono de boa qualidade” e valores > 5 foram definidos como “sono de qualidade ruim”. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a TCO no domínio espectral para avaliar a espessura dos subcampos CFNR, CCG e macular. Resultados: Trinta e nove participantes (39%) apresentaram sono de qualidade ruim, enquanto 61 (61%) apresentaram sono de boa qualidade. Os segmentos interno superior (P = 0,017), nasal interno (P = 0,007), inferior interno (P = 0,025), nasal externo (P = 0,011) e inferior externo (P = 0,007) de espessuras maculares dos indivíduos com sono de qualidade ruim foram significativamente mais espessos do que os de indivíduos com sono de boa qualidade, enquanto a CFNR média dos adolescentes com sono de qualidade ruim foi significativamente mais fina (P = 0,02). Todos esses parâmetros e a espessura macular central apresentaram correlações significativas com a eficiência do sono e com o escore do PSQI (P < 0,05). Conclusão: A qualidade do sono pode ter efeitos sobre a mácula e a camada de fibras nervosas da retina de adolescentes; além disso, o sono de qualidade ruim pode estar relacionado à diminuição da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina.

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          Reduced orbitofrontal and parietal gray matter in chronic insomnia: a voxel-based morphometric study.

          Brain mechanisms of chronic insomnia, a highly prevalent condition, have barely been investigated. We demonstrate here a decrease in orbitofrontal gray matter (GM) volume that strongly correlates with the severity of complaints. In a case-control study, optimized voxel-based morphometry was used to compare the regional brain volumes of 24 medication-free chronic primary insomnia patients (age range 52-74 years, 17 women), carefully selected to exclude psychiatric comorbidity, with those of 13 matched control subjects without sleep problems (age range 50-76 years, 9 women). Additionally, the correlation of regional volumes with insomnia severity was investigated. Patients had a smaller volume of GM in the left orbitofrontal cortex, strongly correlating (r = -.71) with the subjective severity of insomnia. Furthermore, reduced GM volume was found in the anterior and posterior precuneus. Patients did not show increased GM volume in any area. No group differences were found for white matter volume. This is the first voxel-based morphometry study showing structural brain correlates of insomnia and their relation with insomnia severity. Functional roles of the affected areas in decision-making and stimulus processing might better guide future research into the poorly understood condition of insomnia.
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            Hippocampal substructural vulnerability to sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic primary insomnia: magnetic resonance imaging morphometry.

            Despite compelling evidence from animal studies indicating hippocampal subfield-specific vulnerability to poor sleep quality and related cognitive impairment, there have been no human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating the relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and sleep disturbance. Our aim was to investigate the pattern of volume changes across hippocampal subfields in patients with primary insomnia relative to controls.
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              Circadian pattern of sleep, energy expenditure, and body temperature of young healthy men during the intermittent fasting of Ramadan.

              We hypothesize that factors other than a sudden shift in eating habits contribute to delay of circadian rhythms during Ramadan. We assessed circadian changes during a baseline period (BL, 1 week before Ramadan), the first week (R1), and the second week (R2), of Ramadan, in six healthy Muslim young adults using portable armband physiological and activity sensor devices. All participants lived in an unconstrained environment and showed delayed sleep phase syndrome, so that they normally slept during the day and ate at night. During Ramadan, there was a further delay in the acrophase of skin temperature during Ramadan, indicating a shift in the circadian pattern of body temperature. Additionally, there was a delay in the peak of energy expenditure during R1 and R2. These results support our hypothesis that in addition to sudden shift in meal times, other factors may affect the sleep pattern and circadian rhythms during Ramadan. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbof
                Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia
                Rev. bras.oftalmol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0034-7280
                1982-8551
                June 2020
                : 79
                : 3
                : 191-198
                Affiliations
                [2] Erzincan orgnameCollege of Medicine orgdiv1Erzincan University Hospital orgdiv2Department of Paediarty Turkey
                [3] Erzincan orgnameCollege of Medicine orgdiv1Samsun 19 May University Hospital orgdiv2Department of Ophthalmology Turkey
                [1] Erzincan orgnameCollege of Medicine orgdiv1Erzincan University Hospital orgdiv2Department of Ophthalmology Turkey
                Article
                S0034-72802020000300191 S0034-7280(20)07900300191
                10.5935/0034-7280.20200041
                b7481e85-4bc7-4866-8a63-66d66507413e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 2020
                : 04 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Original Articles

                Qualidade do sono,Adolescentes,Tomograpfia de coerência óptica/métodos,Mácula,Fibras nervosas,Retina,Adolescents,Tomography, optical coherence/ methods,Macula,Nerve fibers,Sleep quality

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