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      Endovascular treatment of an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting with acute altitudinal visual field defect: A case report

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To describe a case of endovascular occlusion of an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting with acute altitudinal visual field defect is presented here.

          Methods

          A 52-year-old man was evaluated and treated for altitudinal visual field defect in the right eye.

          Results

          In ophthalmic and neuro-imaging, an accompanying anterior communication artery aneurysm was detected as a cause of visual field defect. He underwent endovascular procedure, yielding excellent outcome as full recovery of visual field defect was observed one month following the procedure and sustained when followed at month 24.

          Conclusions

          Visual dysfunction is a rare presentation of unruptured anterior communication artery aneurysm. Endovascular procedure may be a safe treatment in these cases.

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          Most cited references13

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          Cerebral aneurysms causing visual symptoms: their features and surgical outcome.

          Cerebral aneurysms causing visual symptoms before surgery are relatively rare. We have experience with 17 cases of such aneurysms and report their clinical features and surgical outcome. The locations of aneurysms presenting with visual dysfunction in our series are as follows: internal carotid (IC)-cavernous aneurysms in six of 29 total cases, 21%; IC-ophthalmic aneurysms in nine of 36 total cases, 25%; and anterior communicating artery (A com A) aneurysms in two of 217 total cases, 1%. The size of the aneurysms, the period between the onset of symptoms and surgical treatment, the pre- and post-operative visual function, and the surgical methods used to treat the aneurysm were analyzed. All the visually symptomatic cases featured large (15-24 mm) or giant (> 25 mm) aneurysms. Visual symptoms occurred before aneurysmal rupture in all cases but one. The type of visual field defect and the degree of reduced visual acuity were highly variable, without a typical clinical presentation. Five out of six IC-cavernous aneurysms were treated surgically with common carotid artery (CC) ligation or IC ligation with superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis. Three of these cases showed improvement of visual symptoms after surgery. Six out of nine IC-ophthalmic aneurysms were treated surgically (CC ligation or direct clipping), with four cases showing improvement of visual symptoms after surgery. One case of an A com A aneurysm featured a ruptured aneurysm that had physically penetrated the optic chiasm, while the other case was a giant unruptured aneurysm. The interval between the onset of symptoms and surgical treatment was the only factor identified which affected the clinical outcome of the aneurysms presenting with visual dysfunction. All cases that were determined to show improvement of visual function were treated surgically within 3 months of the onset of symptoms. Cerebral aneurysms presenting with visual dysfunction before surgery are most commonly large or giant, and unruptured. Recovery of visual function can most often be expected when surgical treatment is performed expeditiously, before the visual dysfunction becomes irreversible.
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            Anterior communicating artery aneurysm related to visual symptoms.

            Intracranial aneurysms are sometimes presented with visual symptoms by their rupture or direct compression of the optic nerve. It is because their prevalent sites are anatomically located close to the optic pathway. Anterior communicating artery is especially located in close proximity to optic nerve. Aneurysm arising in this area can produce visual symptoms according to their direction while the size is small. Clinical importance of visual symptoms presented by aneurysmal optic nerve compression is stressed in this study.
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              Intracranial aneurysms presenting with mass effect over the anterior optic pathways: neurosurgical management and outcomes.

              Intracranial aneurysms may grow closer to anterior optic pathways, causing mass effect over these anatomical structures, including visual deficit. The authors retrospectively reviewed a series of aneurysms in patients presenting with visual field deficit caused by mass effect, to analyze the aneurysm's characteristics, the neurosurgical management of these aneurysms, as well as their clinical, visual, and radiological outcomes. The authors reviewed the medical charts, neuroimaging examination results, and surgical videos of 15 patients presenting with visual symptoms caused by an aneurysm's mass effect over the anterior optic pathways. These patients were treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery Associates, Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Brazil. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the variables related to partial or total recovery of the visual symptoms. All patients underwent microsurgical clip placement and emptying of their aneurysms. After a mean follow-up of 38.5 months, the mean postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 4.33, and the visual outcomes were as follows: 1 patient (6.6%) unchanged, 7 (46.6%) improved, and 7 (46.6%) experienced complete recovery from visual deficits. The variables that influenced the visual outcomes were the size of the aneurysm (p = 0.039), duration of the visual symptoms (p = 0.002), aneurysm wall calcification (p = 0.010), and intraluminal thrombosis (p = 0.007). Postoperative examination using digital subtraction angiography showed complete aneurysm occlusion in 14 (93.3%) of the 15 patients. Intracranial aneurysms causing mass effect over the anterior optic pathways usually present with complex features. The best treatment option must include not only the aneurysm occlusion but also relief of the mass effect. Microsurgical clip placement with reduction of aneurysmal mass effect achieved improvement in visual ability or recovery from visual impairment, as well as total aneurysm occlusion, in 93.3% of the study group. Therefore, this option is well supported as the first choice of treatment for intracranial aneurysms presenting with mass effect over the anterior visual pathways.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Curr Ophthalmol
                J Curr Ophthalmol
                Journal of Current Ophthalmology
                Elsevier
                2452-2325
                07 November 2017
                June 2018
                07 November 2017
                : 30
                : 2
                : 177-181
                Affiliations
                [a ]Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [b ]Department of Neurological Surgery, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. Neurosurgery Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ahmadabad Blvd., Mashhad, Iran. b_ganjeifar@ 123456yahoo.com ganjeifarb@ 123456mums.ac.ir
                Article
                S2452-2325(17)30119-1
                10.1016/j.joco.2017.10.001
                6033782
                b74f524c-6c49-45ce-8b55-51d8f8721384
                © 2017 Iranian Society of Ophthalmology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 29 May 2017
                : 22 September 2017
                : 11 October 2017
                Categories
                Article

                intracranial aneurysm,anterior communicating artery,visual field,endovascular procedure

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